Harsh

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Harsh HazardousLocationSeminar Series
HAZARDOUS AREASAround the World
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I.E.C.
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How Did We Get Here?
1906

• Conduit Wiring is invented
• Crouse-Hinds makes the first
• Condulets

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How Did We Get Here?
1909
CEAG is founded, producing the first Mining
Lantern
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How Did We Get Here?
1920
Classification of Division 1 first
appears Transportation Industry / Refining
of Fuels
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How Did We Get Here?
1947
Classification of Division 2 first appears

• Wanted Reduced Costs

• Euro Plastics

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How did we get here?
1960s
Division method of classification still in use
Worldwide
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How did we get here?
1970s
Zone method is introduced for the first time.
Europe adopts new method.
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How did we get here?
World Electrical Standards Organizations
Electrical Standards
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Definitions

• NEC - National Electrical Code (USA)
• CEC - Canadian Electrical Code (Canada)
• IEC - International Electro-technical Commission
  - Electrical Code for certain European and Asian
  countries
• CENELEC - European Committee for
  Electro-technical Standardization, which
  publishes standards for 19 EU (European Union)
  countries
• ATEX - Explosive Atmospheres Directive

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How did we get here?
1996

• Zone method is adopted
• in North America
• New Classifications
• New Equipment

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Zone Concept in N.A.
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Zone System
Zone 0 Area in which an explosive atmosphere
comprising a mix of air with flammable gases,
vapours or mists is present for long periods,
or frequently present Zone 1 - Area in which an
explosive atmosphere comprising a mix of air with
flammable gases, vapours or mists can form
occasionally under normal operating
conditions. Zone 2 - Area in which an explosive
atmosphere comprising a mix of air with flammable
gases, vapours or mists does not normally
occur, or only occurs for a short period
under normal operating conditions
NEC Article 505.5 (A) (B)
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Zone 0
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Zone 1
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Zone 2
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Zone 1 Example
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Zone 2 Example
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Zone System
Zone 20 - Area in which an explosive atmosphere
in the form of a cloud of combustible dust is
present for long periods, or frequently
present Zone 21 - Area in which an explosive
atmosphere in the form of a cloud of combustible
dust is present occasionally under normal
operating conditions. Zone 22 - Area in which an
explosive atmosphere in the form of a cloud of
combustible dust does not normally occur or
occurs for a short period under normal
operating conditions.
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Comparison - Divisions Zones
Common Denominator Prevent Explosions
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Comparison - Divisions Zones
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Comparison - Divisions Zones
Vapors
Solvent
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NEC METHOD
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IEC METHOD
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IEC Designations
EEx-de, IIc, T6
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IEC Designations
EEx-de, IIc, T6
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IEC Designations
EEx-de, IIc, T6
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IEC Designations
EEx-de, IIc, T6
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IP Ratings

• Ingress Protection Ratings IP66
• -First Digit is the protection against solids-
  dust
• -Second Digit is the protection against liquids-
  water
• IP Ratings are similar to Nema ratings and have
  nothing to do with the Explosion Protection-
  simply dust and water protection. Therefore, it
  is entirely possible to have an IP specification
  WITHOUT an EEx or hazardous area specification.

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Nema vs IP Ratings
Nema Enclosure Type IEC Enclosure
Designation 3
IP54
3R
IP54 3S
IP54
4 and 4X
IP66 5
IP52
6 and 6P
IP67 12 and 12X
IP52
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Factors of Safety
Testing
If all products that are manufactured are tested,
a 1.5 Factor of Safety is required.
If random testing is performed, a 4.0 Factor of
Safety is required.
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Normal Ignition Source
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Possible Ignition Source - NEC
Division 1 ESWP Contact Block Terminals
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Possible Ignition Source - NEC
Division 2 ESWP Contact Block Terminals
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Unlikely Ignition Source - IEC
ZONE 1 Increased Safety Terminals
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Contact Blocks
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Lighting
Zone 2
Called Restricted Breathing, Ex-nR
Fluorescents look like enclosed gasketed
Division 2 HIDs same
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Reasons to Change
Technical
Eliminate Seals
Different Wiring Practices
Smaller Enclosures
???
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Reasons to Change
Elimination of Seals? Ex Standards eliminate
seals. Aex Seals still required - boundaries
conditions - flameproof enclosures -
increased safety protection (NEC Article
505-15a2, 15a3)
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Reasons to Change
Commercial
Harmonize Codes
One Source of Specs Standards and Equipment
Less Expensive Alternatives
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Wiring Methods - N.E.C.
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Wiring Methods - I.E.C.
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IEC Installations
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What is ATEX?

• ATEX is the Explosive Atmospheres directive 94/9
  C which covers equipment used in hazardous areas
• Adopted in 1994 with a transition period ending
  6/30/03. After this date, all products sold and
  used in the EU must conform to requirements of
  the directive.
• In order to sell/use hazardous area products in
  Europe/Asia, CENELEC approval to the ATEX
  directive is mandatory.

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Manufacturing - Required Changes

• Manufacturers must first be ISO certified
• The facility will undergo a quality system audit
  by a CENELEC testing authority to verify the
  plant adheres to the ISO quality procedures.
• Many products require design changes or
  modifications
• All products require new compliance's to be
  marked on the products nameplate
• New testing(very expensive) is required in order
  to meet the CENELEC/ATEX standards and directives

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ATEX Markings

• Uses CE marking, along with Ex symbol
• May list ATEX certificate number - however NOT
  required on product
• Many ETLs (engineering test labs) such as UL,
  CSA, FM, PTB, SAA, KEMA BASEEFA will approve
  products
• Example EEx d IIC T6 IP66

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Fittings

• Cable vs Conduit Culture Shock - most other
  countries use cable because of labor, cost
  savings and superior corrosion resistance
• Condulets and other conduit fittings will most
  likely never receive CENELEC/ATEX because they
  are overkill
• Cable glands - brass, nickel-plated brass,
  stainless steel, non-metallic are used EVERYWHERE
  in Europe and Asia.

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ATEX Groups
Apparatus Group I applies to mining
operations that may be endangered by methane gas
and/or combustible dusts Apparatus Group II
applies to apparatus used in all other areas that
can be subject to the hazard of an explosive
atmosphere. Apparatus Group III applies to
apparatus used in areas with conductive dusts
Groups are further divided into categories
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ATEX Categories

• Apparatus Group I
• Category M1 The apparatus must continue to
  work, even in the event of infrequent failures
  coinciding with an existing explosive atmosphere
  and must feature such protective measures against
  explosion that
• - if one constructional protective
  measure fails, at least one other independent
  constructional measure will ensure the required
  safety, or
• - if two independent faults occur in
  combination, the required safety is still ensured
  
• 2. Category M2- If the explosive atmosphere
  occurs, it must be possible to switch off the
  apparatus.

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ATEX Categories
Apparatus Group II
Category 1 The apparatus is intended for use in
areas in which an explosive atmosphere is present
continuously or for long periods of
time Category 2 - The apparatus is intended for
use in areas in which an explosive atmosphere
occurs occasionally Category 3 The apparatus
is intended for use in areas in which no
occurrence of an explosive atmosphere is
expected. If it does occur, it is only rarely
or for a short period of time
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ATEX Product Markings
Group II Category 1 (Zone 0 apparatus)
II 1G
II 2G
Group II Category 2 (Zone 1 apparatus)
II 3G
Group II Category 3 (Zone 2 apparatus)
Ggases, liquids,vapors Ddust
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ATEX Product Markings
Group II Category 1 (Zone 20 apparatus)
II 1D
II 2D
Group II Category 2 (Zone 21 apparatus)
II 3D
Group II Category 3 (Zone 22 apparatus)
Ggases, liquids,vapors Ddust
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Complete Product Markings for ATEX
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PRODUCTS
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Terminal BoxesZONE 1, DIVISION 2

• Connections for lighting, instrumentation power
• From 8 to 396 connections
• Accepts all conduit or cable entries

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Enclosure EntriesZONE 1, DIVISION 2

• Zone 1 Myers hubs metric adapters
• zinc or stainless steel
• Zone 1 brass cable glands
• Zone 2 nonmetallic glands
• Zone 2 Teck connectors
• Ex-d flameproof bushings

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Enclosure Entries
Field drilling of flameproof, Ex-d, enclosures is
not allowed. To maintain the IEC or CENELEC
certificate, these enclosures can only be
modified by the manufacturer.
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Entries into all EnclosuresZONE 1, DIVISION 2

• Nonmetallic Ex-e
• Nonmetallic Ex-e with brass plates
• Stainless steel
• Ex-d flameproof enclosures

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Control StationsZONE 1, DIVISION 2

• One product meets all worldwide codes
  standards
• Worldwide approvals
• Choice of wiring methods
• cover-mounted contact blocks
• base-mounted contact blocks
• Single or double entry enclosures

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Control Stations
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Panelboards
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Ex-de Distribution Panels ZONE 1, DIVISION 2

• One product meets all worldwide codes standards
• UL, cUL, PTB certified
• Corrosion-resistant nonmetallic enclosure
• UV resistant
• NEMA 4X, IP 66 construction
• Ex-de protection
• Impact resistant
• Factory sealed
• Universal wiring for conduit or cables
• factory wired to terminal blocks

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Control

• Must have Ex-e terminals
• More non-metallic enclosures
• Ex-de components in
• IP 54 boxes
• Other components in
• dual rated enclosures

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Lighting
Cultural Issue HID in North America vs. Fluore
scent in Europe
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IEC 309 Plugs Receptacles
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Intrinsic Safety
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(No Transcript)
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Major Users
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Products for Fire, Gas, Control and
Communications Systems
Manual Call Points
Sounders Horns
Status Lamps
Industrial Marine
Control Distribution
Heat Detector
Beacons Strobes
Speakers
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Conclusions

• Strive for harmonization of worldwide electrical
  standards
• USA and Canada must develop a single
  North-American standard, while Europe/Asia stick
  to a single IEC standard
• Crouse-Hinds has you covered for all XP needs
• None of our competitors can offer the breadth of
  worldwide products that we have
• Crouse-Hinds will introduce more SpecOne
  products, eliminating any concerns about where
  they can be used or sold
• Heaters, Strobes, Horns, Bells, Manual Motor
  Starters, Disconnect Switches, Molded Products,
  Airport Lighting, Wiring Devices are also
  available today with ATEX certification

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Where to look..
WWW.CROUSE-HINDS.COM
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Where to look
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QUESTIONSANSWERS
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Harsh HazardousLocationSeminar Series
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