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generate and test

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Fitness ??????? ?????? ???? ???? schemata ???? ?? ????? ?? ... linear probability curves. ???? ???? scale ???? ????? ???? fitness. steady-state reproduction ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: generate and test


1
??????????? ?????
  • ????? ?? ?????? ? ???????

2
????? ?????
  • ???? 1
  • ????? ????? ? ????? ?????? (generate and test)
  • ????? ????? ??????????? ?????
  • ????? ???? ?? ????? ?? ???????? ?????
  • ????? ???? ?? ?? ???? ?????? GA
  • ???? 2
  • ???? ??? ???? ? ?????? ??? ?? ?? ????? ?????
    ????? ?? GA
  • ????????? GA

3
????? ?????
  • ???? 3
  • ????? ???? ?????? ?????
  • ????? ???? ?? ????? ???? ??????????? ?????

4
????? ????? ? ????? ?????? (generate and test)
  • ????? ????? ? ?????? ???? ?? (state??)
  • ????? ??? ?????
  • ???? ???? ????? ?? state ????? ?? ??? ??? ??? ??
    ???
  • ???? ??? state?? ?? ??? ????? ?????
  • ???? ??? ????? ???? ????? ??????? ????? ????? ??
    ???
  • ?????? ???????? ????? ??? ???
  • ?? ?????? ????? ????? ??? ?? ???? ? ????
    ??????????? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ???
  • BFS, DFS,A, IDA,SMA

5
????? ????? ??????????? ?????
  • ??????? ?????
  • ???? ???? ????? ????? ?????
  • ????? ????
  • Initial generation
  • coding
  • genotype
  • phenotype
  • ?????? ???? fitness
  • selection
  • recombination
  • mutation
  • crossover

6
????? ????? ??????????? ?????
7
?? ????
U(x,y) (x-7)2 (y-3)2
8
?? ???? (?????)
?????? ???? fitness
f(x) u(x) Cmin when u(x) Cmin gt 0,
f(x) 0 otherwise.
f(x) Cmax - g(x) when Cmax - g(x) gt 0,
f(x) 0 otherwise
9
?? ???? (?????)
10
?? ???? (?????)
  • ????? ???

11
????? ???? ?? ?? ???? ?????? GA
  • Schema theorem
  • ?? schema ?????? ??? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ??????
    ???? ?? ?? ??? ??? ? ???? ?? ???
  • ???? schema ????? ??????? ???
  • ??? ?????? schema ????? ??? ????? ???? ??????
  • Fitness ??????? ?????? ???? ???? schemata ???? ??
    ????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ???
  • ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ???? ????? ??? ??????
    ?? ???? fitness ???? ???
  • ????? schemata ??? ??? ?? ??? ??? ??? ?????? ??
    ????
  • ????? ?????

1001 101001
12
????? ???? ?? ?? ???? ?????? GA
  • Building Block Hypothesis
  • ??????? GA ?? ???? ???? ??????? ??????
  • Schemata ??? ?? ??? ????? ?? ?? ?????? ??? ??
    ???? ? ??? ??? ???? ?? ?? ?? ?? ????? , ??????
    ???? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?????
  • ?? ??????? ???
  • ?? ??? ????? , ?? ?? ????? ?????
  • ??? ???? ????? ??? ???? ????? ????
  • ????? ??? ????
  • ??? ?? ?? ???? ?? ?? ????? ???? ?? ?????
    Goldenberg ????? ????

13
????? ???? ?? ?? ???? ?????? GA
  • ?? ???? ????? ?? ????????
  • Exploration
  • ????? ?????? ???? ? ???????? ?? ???? ?????
  • Exploitation
  • ??????? ?? ???? ? ??????? ???? ??? ?? ???? ????
    ????? ??? ?? ????? ???? ???? ???? ????
  • GA ?? ?? ????? ?? ?? ??? ?????? ???? ?? ???

14
?????? ?????
  • ?????? ????? ??????? ???
  • ???? fitness ???? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ?? ??
    ????
  • ?? ?? ?? ?? ???????? ????? ???????? ?????? ?????
  • Genetic drift
  • ???? ?? ??? ?????
  • ??? genetic drift ?? ?????? ??? mutation , ????
    ?? ????

15
???? ??? ???? ? ?????? ??? ?? ?? ????? ?????
????? ?? GA
  • ????? ???? ?? ?? ????? ???
  • ????? ????? ???
  • ?????? ???? fitness
  • ?????? ????? ??? ????? ???

16
???? ??? ???? ? ?????? ??? ?? ?? ????? ?????
????? ?? GA (?????)
  • ???? fitness
  • ?? ???? ???? ???? ?????, ????? ?? hill climbing
    ?? ?? ??
  • ???? fitness ???? ???? ???????? ?? ?? ??? ?????
    ?? ?? ????????
  • ?? ???? fitness ???
  • ??????? ???? ????? ????? ????
  • ??????? ??? ?? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ?????
  • ?? ???? ???? ????? ??? ?? ??? ??? ?? ?????
    ????? sub-goal ?? ????
  • ?? ??? ??? ?? ????? ??? ????? ????? ?? ???? ?????
    ?????? ???? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ?? ???

17
???? ??? ???? ? ?????? ??? ?? ?? ????? ?????
????? ?? GA (?????)
  • ?? ?? ???? ???? ????? ??? ?? ???
  • ????? ???? penalty
  • ??? ????????? ? ????? ??? ?????????
  • ????? ????? (????? ) ????????
  • ?? ????? ???? fitness ????? constant
    Penalty_Function ????? ?? ???.
  • ??????? ?? ???? ??????
  • ?????? ???? ??????

18
?????? ???? ?? ??????? ?? ???? fitness
  • ??????? ??? ?? ???? (premature convergence)
  • ?? ??? ?? fitness ????? ?????? ???? , ?? ?? ??
    ????? ?? ????? ?? ???(take over)
  • ??? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ?? ?? ??????? ???? ???
  • ????? ??? (slow finishing)
  • ?? ??? ????? ??????? ??? ?? ?? ????? ?? ?? ??? ?
    ????? ??? max ????? ??? ???
  • ??? ????? ????? ?????? fitness ????? ? ??????
    fitness ?? ?? ???

19
??? ??? ?? ??????
  • linear scaling

20
??? ?? ?????? ????? ?? fitness
  • Windowing
  • ????? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ???
  • Linear normalization
  • ????? ?? ?? ???? fitness ???? ?? ??? ?????? ???
    ?? ???? fitness ???? ?????? ?? ???.

21
????? ??? ????
  • Elitism
  • ?????? ????? ??????? ?? ??? ??? ????? ?? ???
  • linear probability curves
  • ???? ???? scale ???? ????? ???? fitness
  • steady-state reproduction
  • ??? ????? ????? ??? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???
    ??? ?? ????

22
?????? ??????
  • ?????? ????? ????? ???
  • ????? ????
  • ????? ?? ????? mapping
  • ????? ????
  • ?? ????? ???? ???? ???? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ????
    ??? ?? ? ?? ????? ??? ?? ???????? scaling ???????
    ???

23
????? ????
  • ??? ???????
  • ?? ??? ?? ??? ?????? ??? ?? ???? ?????? , ???
    ???? ?? ????? ??? ?? ???
  • ??????? ?????? ???????
  • ???? ???? ?? ??????? ??? 0.5 ? 1 ?????? ?? ???

24
????? ??? ????
  • Elitism
  • ?????? ????? ??????? ?? ??? ??? ????? ?? ???
  • linear probability curves
  • ???? ???? scale ???? ????? ???? fitness
  • steady-state reproduction
  • ??? ????? ????? ??? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???
    ??? ?? ????

25
???????? crossover
  • One-point crossover
  • Two-point crossover
  • ???????? ?? ????? ????? ?? ????
  • Building block ??? ?????? ???? ?? ????
  • ?????? ?? ?? one-point ???? ???
  • Uniform crossover
  • ?? ??????? ?? ?? mask ? ????? ?? ???? ?? ???? ??
    ??????? ?? ???? ?? ?? ???? ?? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ??
    ???.

cutpoint1
cutpoint2
26
???????? crossover (?????)
  • ??????? ????? ?? ?????? crossover ?? ????? ????
    ?? ???????? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ??? ? ????? ??
    ????
  • Partially Mixed Crossover
  • ?? ?????? ?? ?????????? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ??
    ????? ?????
  • ?? ??? ????? ????? ???? ????? ???? ??? ??? (TSP)
  • 9 8 4 . 5 6 7. 1 3 2 10 8 7 1 . 2 3 10
    . 9 5 4 6
  • 9 8 4. 2 3 10 .1 6 5 7 8 10 1 . 5 6 7
    .9 2 4 3

27
???????? crossover (?????)
  • Crossover ?? ???? ?? ?? ???????? ???? ??????
    ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ?? ???????? ???? uniform
    crossover ???? ??? ?? ???

28
mutation
  • ?????? ?? ??? ? ????? ???? ??
  • ?? ????? TSP , ?? ???? ?? ???????? ?????? ??? ?
    ????? ???? ?? ?? ???? ??? ?? ???.
  • inversion ,adding and deleting

29
?????
  • Barberio-Corsetti, P., Technical Assistence for
    Genetic Optimization of Trellis Codes Final
    report for the Communications System Section
    (XRF) of ESTEC. EUROSPACETECH FREQUENCY 94.02,
    Rev.1, 1996
  • An Overview of Genetic Algorithms Part 2,
    Research Topics (1993)  David Beasley, David R.
    Bull, Ralph R. Martin University Computing
  • http//www.estec.esa.nl/outreach/gatutor/
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