Traditional and NonTraditional Conflict Management UNI 360Y Week 9 Fall 2005

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Traditional and Non-Traditional Conflict
Management UNI 360Y Week 9 Fall 2005

• Alan S. Alexandroff, alan_at_alexandroff.com
• Research Director, PCMN

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Summary

• The source of violence
• 4th wave, poverty, clash of cultures or unique
  development
• Proliferation
• Multilateral action
• Multilateral agreement

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Terrorism (s. 2656(a) (d)of Title 22 US Code

• International terrorism
• Terrorism involving citizens or the territory of
  more than one country
• Terrorism
• Premeditated, politically motivated violence
  perpetrated against noncombatant targets by
  sub-national groups or clandestine agents

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Evolving organization

• Growth of local groups carry out attacks with
  little or no support or direction from Al Qaeda
  itself
• rogue states
• Cuba, North Korea, Syria and especially Iran

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Explanations

• Clash of Cultures
• Culture reinforces their hostility, distrust and
  hatred of the west and the US in particular
• Islam versus Middle East
• Oil politics
• Western
• Middle Eastern
• Democracy and Religion

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Zakaria versus Fukuyama

• A debate on the source
• Muslims, Middle East, or Europe

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CounterProliferation

• Forward strategy
• Goes well beyond known rogue states
• Focus on trade routes and entities engaged in
  supplying the countries of greatest proliferation
  concern

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Tools of Counter-Proliferation

• Disrupt the procurement efforts of proliferators
• Sanctions
• Bilateral as well as multilateral
• Interdiction
• Credible export controls

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Credible ExportControls

• Tighten export controls laws only useful with
  rigorous enforcement
• New multilateral arrangements
• Nuclear Suppliers Group (NSG)
• Missile Technology Control Regime
• The Australian Group
• Wasenaar Arrangements

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Proliferation SecurityInitiative
(PSI)-Interdiction

• Global effort to prevent the movement of WMD
  materials and technology to hostile states and
  terrorist organizations through enhancement of
  capabilities of
• Military, intelligence, technical and law
  enforcement assets
• Interdiction is authorized? Resolution 1540
  para 10 legitimizes it

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A. Q. Khan

• Export gas centrifuges and production
  capabilities and designs for nuclear weapons to
  others

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5 Responsibilities 1Martin at the UN

• Reforms to put common humanity at centre of UN
  agenda
• No explicit legal right to intervene on the basis
  of humanitarian intervention
• Responsibility to protect-
• should permit legal right to intervene-humanitari
  an emergency where govt unwilling unable to
  protect their people from extreme harm
• Action in General Assembly to give substance to
  the right

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5 Responsibilities 1Martin at the UN II

• The responsibility to deny
• Responsibility to Respect
• Responsibility to Build
• Responsibility to the Future
• Responsibility to Act

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The Use of Force

• Exceptional and extraordinary measure
• With large scale loss of life-the product either
  of deliberate state action, or state neglect or
  inability to act, or a failed state situation
• With large scale ethnic cleansing

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HumanitarianIntervention

• The causes of mass violence
• Ancient hatreds
• Material concerns-resources control or autonomy
• Politics-irresponsible politicians who combine
  prejudices, ethnic hatred and fears of material
  exclusion
• Current examples

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When to Intervene?

• Causes-seeking political power relative
  deprivation-depraved political classes
• The Need
• responsibility or obligation to protect those who
  are going to be, or are already victims of human
  rights abuses.
• The value of good international citizenship?
  Meaning?
• Slicing and dicing sovereignty

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Responsibility to Deny

• To Deny-WMD, terrorism,
• Non-proliferation and Disarmament
• IAEA needs stronger tools
• SC needs a multilateral watchdog

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Responsibility toRespect

• To respect human beings-UN Charter and UN
  Declaration of Human Rights (UNDHR)-protect
  minorities, denounce racial discrimination combat
  marginalization and also must respect culture

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Responsibility for theFuture

• To Build-a holistic approach to development
• For the Future-health, environment. oceans, space

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To Act

• To Act
• Reform Security Council and beyond-L-20
  initiatives,