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• Associational life and political involvement of
  Turkish immigrants in Europe
• Dirk Jacobs
• Groupe détudes sur lEthnicité, le Racisme, les
  Migrations et lExclusion (GERME) Institut de
  Sociologie Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB)
• e-mail dirk.jacobs_at_ulb.ac.be

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SPECIAL ISSUE OF JOURNAL OF ETHNIC AND MIGRATION
STUDIES, Volume 30, Number 3, May 2004, Social
capital and political integration of migrants,
guest editors Dirk Jacobs and Jean Tillie Jacobs,
D. Tillie, J. (2004), "Introduction Social
Capital and Political Integration of Migrants".
Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, vol 30
(3), 419-427. Jacobs, D., Phalet, K.
Swyngedouw, M. (2004), "Associational Membership
and Political Involvement Among Ethnic Minority
Groups in Brussels". Journal of Ethnic and
Migration Studies, vol 30 (3), 543-559. Main
question Does ethnic social capital stimulate
political integration of migrants? Fennema
Tillie YES, ethnic social capital stimulates
active democratic citizenship (empirical
phenomenon observed in Amsterdam) Koopmans
MAYBE, BUT local and national political
opportunity structures are the main explanatory
factors for political involvement (it depends
whether the host society allows for it or not)
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• Contributors did the empirical test in Amsterdam,
  Berlin, Brussels and Denmark using (mainly)
  survey data Turkish were present in all cases
• Overall conclusions one might draw
• a) ETHNIC ASSOCIATIONAL LIFE is a double edged
  sword (and both Fennema Tillie and Koopmans
  have a point)
• Ethnic associational life can both stimulate or
  hinder democratic citizenship in the host
  country, according to the prevalent form of
  institutional inclusion from the side of the host
  society
• for instance strong ethnic associational life is
  regarded to be positive in Amsterdam, negative in
  Brussels a strong community with dense
  associational life is hence more of an advantage
  in the Netherlands and more of a disadvantage in
  Belgium
• b) Involvement in TRADE UNIONS is often a more
  decisive factor than ethnic social capital to
  explain political involvement on the individual
  level
• c) resources and orientations of the ethnic
  community members on the individual level are
  important as explanatory factor on the individual
  level
• multivariate analysis show the importance on the
  individual level of language skills and/or
  education

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Scatterplot of percentage of unemployed and
percentage of Moroccan and Turkish nationals on
neighborhood-level in the Capital Region of
Brussels (Census data 1991, treatment by IPSoM,
Jacobs Swyngedouw, 2000)
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Participation of Turks, Moroccans and Belgian
nationals in ethnic and cross-ethnic
organizations in Brussels (BMS, 1995-1996).
(between brackets of participants in more
than one organisation)
 
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Participation of Turks, Moroccans and Belgians
nationals in Brussels (BMS, 1995-1996)
 
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