Computer Networks: TCPIP

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Computer Networks TCP/IP

• Dr. Taek M. Kwon
• Department of Electrical and Computer
• Engineering

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Integrated Digital Service Revolution (2000 - )

• No boundary between public and private networks
  (security through virtual private network)
• Single mode of transmission for data/voice/video
  high speed multimedia
• No difference between wired and wireless

Multipurpose global network that can be accessed
any time, anywhere
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David Clarks Theory of Standards
Billion dollars of investments
Research
Standard
Activity
Time
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International Standards Organization

• Voluntary and non-treaty international
  organization
• Found in 1946.
• Members include national standard organizations
  of 89 member countries. Examples include ANSI
  (US), BSI (Great Britain), AFNOR (France), DIN
  (Germany),
• Issues standards on a vast number of subjects
  from nuts and volts to telecommunication
  standards.

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Open System Interconnection (OSI) reference model

• Developed by the International Standards
  Organization (ISO)
• First step towards international standardization
  of various protocols.
• The reference model was adopted in 1984 as ISO
  7498.
• It is not an actual working model.
• Serves as a standard reference model for
  classifying communication functions.

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OSI Model
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OSI Communication
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Peer-to-Peer Communication
Translator
Translator
US Phone
Russian Phone
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Layer Specific Standards
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TCP/IP Protocol Architecture

• Developed by the US Defense Advanced Research
  Project Agency (DARPA) for its packet switched
  network (ARPANET)
• This protocol suite consists of a large
  collection of protocols that have been issued as
  Internet standards by the Internet Architecture
  Board (IAB).
• Used by the global Internet

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Internet Standards
Internet Architecture Board (IAB) issues
standards by publishing a series of documents
called Request for Comments.
IAB
Internet Research Task Force (IRTF)
Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF)
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Internet Society (ISOC)

• Internet Architecture Board (IAB) Defines the
  overall architecture of the Internet and sets
  directions for IETF.
• Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF)
  Responsible for protocol engineering and
  developments. Comprise many working groups.
• Internet Engineering Steering Group (IESG)
  Responsible for technical management of IETF and
  Internet standards process.
• Standard Track At each step, IETF must make a
  recommendation for advancement of the protocol,
  and the IESG ratifies it.

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Internet RFC Publication Process RFC 2026
Internet Draft
If the draft is not progressed as RFC by IESG, it
is withdrawn.
Proposed Standard
Experimental
Informational
RFC
6mo
Protocols and specifications that are not ready
for standardization.
Draft Standard
RFC
4mo
Internet Standard
RFC, STD
Each step is proposed by IETF and ratified by
IESG
Historic
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OSI v TCP/IP
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TCP/IP Communication
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TCP/IP Protocol Suite
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Physical Layer

• Physical interface between data transmission
  device (e.g. computer) and transmission medium or
  network
• Characteristics of transmission medium
• Signal levels
• Data rates
• etc.

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Network Access Layer

• Provides a low level interface between an end
  system and a network, so that higher layers
  operate properly regardless of the particular
  network to which the computer is attached.
• Destination address provision
• Invoking services like priority
• Example CSMA/CD, Token Ring network drivers

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Internet Layer (IP)

• Concerns with routing data across one or more
  networks connected by routers.
• Addressing of computers and fragmentation of
  packets
• Best effort to forward packets to the next
  destination
• Implemented in end systems (Internet connected
  computers) and routers
• RFC 791, MIL-STD 1777

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IPv4 Address
Ub.d.umn.edu 131.212.161.1 83.d4.a1.1
32 bit address
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IPv6

• 128 bit address Allow 6x1023 unique addresses
  per square meter of surface of the earth.
• Address Auto-configuration
• Improved Option Mechanism
• Support Different Types of Traffic Flow

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Transport Layer (TCP) -1

• Establishes reliable host-host data
  transportation
• Ordering of delivery
• RFC 793 and MIL-STD 1778

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Transport Layer (TCP) - 2

• Provides a full-duplex bi-directional virtual
  circuit
• As seen by the user, data is transmitted as a
  stream.
• Reliable data transmission using sequence
  numbers, checksums, acknowledgements, etc.
• Utilizes a sliding window principle for greater
  efficiency
• Includes urgent data and push functions
• Transport user addressing 16-bit port number
• Graceful connection/disconnection, shutdown

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TCP Well-Known Ports
Ub.d.umn.edu telnet 131.212.161.123
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Internet
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TCP/IP Controller

• IPu8930 by Ipsil Inc
• TCP/IP controller and web server module in
  33x34mm
• Monitor and control up to eight different devices
  such as 4 to 20mA sensors or dry contact relays.
• Includes a full HTTP v1.0 compliant embedded
  webserver and up to eight software-configurable
  general-purpose I/O pins.
• It also supports DHCP or fixed IP addressing.

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Embedded TCP/IP (Lantronix)

• TCP/IP Stack
• Web Server
• FTP Server
• RJ45
• Wireless (802.11)

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Smart Dust

• Autonomous sensing and communication in a cubic
  millimeter
• Battle field surveillance
• Environmental study
• Interfaces for disabled
• UC Berkeley

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ZigBee Mesh Network
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ECE 4321 Computer Networks

• ECE Technical Elective Course
• 3 Credits
• Network Lab (MWAH 60)
• Network Programming Project (3 4)
• Written Exams
• Course Objective To learn and understand the
  characteristics of network transmission media,
  OSI model, TCP/IP, data link protocols, routing
  algorithms, various LAN technologies, WAN
  technologies, and network programming.