Particulate Matter and The Clear Skies Initiative

1
EPA Air Policy Perspectives

• Presentation to 2nd Workshop on
• Intercontinental Transport and Climatic Effects
  of Air Pollutants (ICAP)
• Chapel Hill, NC
• 21 November 2003
• John Bachmann
• Associate Director for Science/Policy and New
  Programs
• OAQPS/Office of Air and Radiation

2
EPA Policy Priorities

• Domestic traditional air pollution agenda
• Implementing ozone and PM2.5 national ambient air
  quality standards
• Reviewing and potential revisions of ozone and PM
  NAAQS
• Background
• Regional and local effects on weather and climate
• Reducing risk of air toxics local, persistent
• Integrated programs for major source categories
• Issue how does international transport affect
  these programs?
• International Policy Issues International
  Agreements
• US/Canada/Mexico
• Transport from Asia, transport to Europe
• Understanding climate interactions
• Integrating climate and international/regional
  air pollution issues
• Effects of air pollution on global/regional scale
  climate
• Effects of global climate change on air pollution

3
PM Regulatory Schedules
8-hr Ozone Standards 2004 EPA makes nonattainment
designations 2005-09 New NOx Rule/NAAQS
Review 2007-08 States develop/submit SIPs
2007-08 EPA approves SIPs 2007-19 Attainment
deadlines vary
PM2.5 Standards (fine particles) 2004 EPA makes
nonattainment designations, complete NAAQS
review 2004 EPA Issues CAIR SOx/NOx
transport 2004-08 States develop/submit SIPs,
complete current NAAQS review 2008-09 EPA
approves SIPs 2010-14 Attainment deadlines, new
NAAQS review
Regional Haze Program 2007-08 States submit
regional haze SIPs 2008-09 EPA approves
SIPs 2013-18 Plants must install BART or
comply with backstop trading program

• Mobile Source Program
• 2004 Non-road diesel proposal
• 2003-- Other non-road categories
• 2004 Tier 2 becomes effective
• HD diesel rules effective

4
International transport/climate
interactions Scale global/regional
Air Pollution (PM and O3) significant Climate
Forcers
Asia a Priority Air Quality/Health Improvements
have climate benefits
CO2 (1.4)
Black Carbon PM (1.4)
Ozone
Global Black Carbon Emissions
Modeling intercontinental ozone transport
significant component of background
in 106 kg/year/1ox1o grid (David Streets
Tami Bond, 2002)
5
Climate change is not always global

• INDOEX, other preliminary work suggest
  significant potential of BC aerosol for affecting
  hydrologic cycle on a regional basis
• Significant effects of Asian pollution on health,
  crops
• Short-life of conventional pollutants suggests
  rapid response to reductions

6
Issue air pollution effects on climate
prospects for integration

• Intercontinental Transport - impact to US
  others?
• Need improved global/regional emission
  inventories for O3 and PM precursors partitioned
  by source sectors
• Need nested global and regional models
• Need policy-relevant future emission projections
• Climatic Effects of AP - direct and indirect
  effects?
• Need global climate/chemistry model to estimate
  climate response for selected policy-relevant
  emission projections,
• Develop approaches for quantifying direct and
  indirect climate responses on the perturbation of
  climate-forcing pollutants
• U.S. other developed countries emissions
  impact to air quality in other regions?