University Activities Reducing Environmental Impact of Transportation in EPA Region 4

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University Activities Reducing Environmental
Impact of Transportation in EPA Region 4
Center for Advanced Vehicular Systems
Michael S. Mazzola, Ph.D., P.E. Associate
Director for Advanced Vehicle Systems Professor
of Electrical Computer Engineering
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CAVS and Emissions Reduction in EPA Region 4

• Research that will reduce diesel emissions.
• PACCAR diesel engine manufacturing plant located
  near Mississippi State University.
• Diesel engine research to displace diesel with
  propane lower combustion temperature.
• Reduce NOx emissions.
• Reduce airborne fine particulate matter.
• Intelligent Transportation Technology
• Electrification of transportation.
• Service to affect emissions reductions.
• Successful outreach program to promote Hybrid
  Electric Vehicles.
• CAVS assists Mississippi based trucking firms
  apply for SEDC grants.
• Technical assistance to vehicle fleet owners.
• Vehicle fleet performance monitoring.
• Alternative fueled vehicle decision making
  support.
• Helping stakeholders in Mississippi with 2010
  change in EPA air quality standards.

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Research
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State Focus, Regional AssetVehicle Cluster
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Some of CAVSs Capabilities
Outreach to Manufacturers
Vehicle Propulsion Systems
NSF Engineering Research Center for Computational
Field Simulation 1990-2001
Digital Human and Cognitive Modeling

• Semiconductor Devices
• Motion Capture Virtual Reality (VR) -
  Industrial Ergonomics
• - Mechanical Testing
• Materials Characterization
• 6-DOF Motion Base Driving Simulator
• Blast wave simulations

Fine-Scale Capability
Computational Fluid Dynamics
3D Xray Tomography
Technology Impact Missile Intel/Defense
High Resolution In-situ FEG-SEM
Computational Structural Mechanics
Design Optimization
Metamodeling-based Optimization
Driving Simulators
Thermal Analysis System
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Advanced Vehicle Systems

• Diesel Combustion Engineering
• Intelligent Transportation
• Silicon Carbide (SiC) Power Electronics
• On-Board Vehicle Power
• Hybrid Electric Vehicle Integration

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Diesel Combustion Engineering

• Fuel Metering Systems (multi-fuel)
• Sonic Air Flow meters
• Analog/Digital Engine Data Acquisition System
• Internal Combustion Engine test cells
• 105, 350, 500HP Eddy Current Dynamometer Load
  Cells
• 150 HP AC Dynamometer
• Single cylinder IC engine (variable compression
  ratio)
• 5 gas emissions bench
• Smoke meter
• Vehicle and Drive train Testing
• Four wheel drive, 400HP, chassis dynamometer

Now teamed with PACCARs 12.9 liter diesel engine!
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Making Public Transportation Rider Convenient
with Intelligent Transportation Technology
Wireless Network
Web / Database Server
A Bully Bus
Bullys User Interface
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Efficient Power Electronics
Examples of SiC Power Semiconductors designed
into applications by CAVS within the past year.
Partnered with SemiSouth, a semiconductor spinoff
of MSU

• Multi-Die 1200-V Rated Half-Bridge Power Module
• With SBD in anti-parallel
• With gate drive circuit
• 0.003 ? Rds(on)
• gt600 A IDSS

This device just set the world record for solar
inverter efficiency, gt 99!

• Multi-Die 600-V Rated Solid-State Power
  Controller
• With SBD in chopper circuit
• Pure Enhancement Mode
• 0.015 ? Rds(on)
• 150 A IDSS

This device reduces losses in EV electronics by
up to 50!

• Single-Die 1200-V Rated TO-247
• 1500-V Avalanche
• 0.1 ? Rds(on)
• 40 A IDSS

Aircraft or Ground Vehicle Power Management
Distribution System
Permanent-Magnet Motor Drive for Battery Electric
Vehicle
High-frequency AC Link Current-Source Inverter
See http//www.ise.fraunhofer.de/press-and-media/
press-releases/press-releases-2009/fraunhofer-ise-
sets-a-new-world-record-pv-inverter-efficiency-exc
eeds-99-percent
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Transmission Coupled APUs

• Hybrid propulsion for class 8 long-haul trucks
  may be hard sell.
• But hybrid auxiliaries are popular.
• Battery air conditioningpopular anti-idling
  strategy
• Hybrid trailer refrigeration units (TRUs)cut
  emissions
• Next step Powering TRUs from transmission
  coupled APUs.

Defense Research Commercial Application

• Benefits of Research
• Reduce up to 1 billion gallons of fuel used in
  TRUs.
• Attack a major source of PM.

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On-Board Power for Diesel Trucks

• Expected Outcomes from Architecture Analysis
• Comparative fuel electrical efficiency
• Performance prediction against requirements
• Versatility in meeting current objective
  requirements
• Thermal limits
• Reliability estimation (from temperature duty
  cycling)

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MSU Equinox Architecture
Mototron 80-pin HEV Controller
Johnson Controls NiMH Battery Pack 330 V / 7.0
A-hr
PLACE HOLDER!!!!!!!!!!!!!
1.9L GM Turbo Diesel 110 kW _at_ 4000 rpm 320 Nm _at_
2000 rpm
B20
Through-The-Road Parallel Hybrid Configuration
Ballard IPT Electric Drive Unit 65 kW peak / 45
kW continuous 230 Nm peak torque Integrated
10.661 ratio diff.
GM 6 Speed Manual Transmission
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Education Service
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Education/Outreach Vehicle competitions What
was Challenge X?

• A four year student design competition created by
  General Motors, DOE, and other industry leaders
  and organized by Argonne National Laboratory,
  that challenged students to re-engineer a 2005 GM
  Equinox to minimize energy consumption and
  emissions while maintaining or exceeding stock
  vehicle performance.
• Award winning outreach program touched more
  than100,000 in Mississippi.

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MSU Produces the Winning Team!
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Education/Outreach Vehicle competitions What
is EcoCAR?

• EcoCAR is a three year collegiate automotive
  engineering competition that challenges 17 North
  American universities to reduce the environmental
  impact of a 2009 Saturn Vue by minimizing energy
  consumption and reducing greenhouse gas emissions
  while maintaining its utility, safety, and
  performance.
• The MSU team has recently chosen their
  architecture as a plug-in hybrid that runs on B20
  biodiesel!
• Presently in 3rd place.

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• SmartWay participant with a rating of 1.26.
• Chose battery HVAC for EPA-ARRA-OAR-OTAQ-09-06
  proposal.

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Georgia receives 42 more inbound traffic from
KLLM than the next highest state (Texas). Due to
a maintenance depot, this traffic is
disproportionately in the Atlanta nonattainment
region.
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• EPA and KLLM have these beliefs in common
• Care about compliance.
• Want reduced fuel consumption.

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Technical Assistance
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• Vehicle Performance Monitoring Systems

• Users access information using web based interface

• Provides ETA and route information for public
  transit systems

• Provides administrative tools that can be used
  for improving efficiency, reducing maintenance,
  providing accountability

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Supporting Fleet Decision Making

• CAVS and nCode study Fleet Vehicle Usage
• nCode
• Collect data to determine typical drive cycles
  for fleet cars
• CAVS
• Use data to perform simulations and predict
  performance of HEV/PHEV options
• Research economic feasibility of introducing
  PHEVs into fleet systems

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Mississippis Current Air Quality

• Mississippi is currently designated as
  attainment, that is, meeting all ambient air
  quality standards.
• Areas of Concern
• Desoto County non attainment in 2010?
• The Mississippi Gulf Coast will geography,
  weather and growth be in future conflict?
• Action plans include alternative fueled vehicles.
• Key goal of Clean Cities organizations.
• Fueling infrastructure single biggest hurdle for
  biofuels, compressed or liquefied natural gas,
  and hydrogen.
• Fueling infrastructure for the PHEV is already
  in every home, business, and community.

Source United States Environmental Protection
Agency
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Whats Being Done Now
The Clear Skies Act of 2003 legislation provides
immediate health benefits emissions trading
under Clear Skies provides incentives for power
plants to reduce emissions early. Mississippi
sources would reduce emissions of SO2 by 70, NOx
by 78, and mercury by 52 by 2020 due to Clear
Skies.
Mississippi Department of Environmental Quality
has launched a voluntary ozone reduction outreach
and education effort along the Mississippi Gulf
Coast, called the Clear Coast Initiative. This
public-private initiative encourages local
businesses and private citizens to implement
their own emission reduction measures.
Project Blue Sky joins a handful of other
initiatives to improve Desoto County's air
quality. The county also keeps careful tabs on
open burning and has formed an air quality task
force. MDA-ED applied for a grant from the EPA
to establish a Clean Cities Coalition for DeSoto
County. Clean Cities Coalitions develop
public/private partnerships to promote
alternative fuels and advanced vehicles, fuel
blends, fuel economy, hybrid vehicles, and idle
reduction.
Source Mississippi Department of Environmental
Quality
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CAVS and Emissions Reduction in EPA Region 4
(summary)

• Research that will reduce diesel emissions.
• PACCAR diesel engine manufacturing plant located
  near Mississippi State University.
• Diesel engine research to displace diesel with
  propane lower combustion temperature.
• Reduce NOx emissions.
• Reduce airborne fine particulate matter.
• Intelligent Transportation Technology
• Electrification of transportation.
• Service to affect emissions reductions.
• Successful outreach program to promote Hybrid
  Electric Vehicles.
• CAVS assists Mississippi based trucking firms
  apply for SEDC grants.
• Technical assistance to vehicle fleet owners.
• Vehicle fleet performance monitoring.
• Alternative fueled vehicle decision making
  support.
• Helping stakeholders in Mississippi with 2010
  change in EPA air quality standards.