Photo by Dan Johnson

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NON-HAWAII VOLCANOES, VOLCANO DEIETIES,
AND VOLCANO LEGENDS
GG 103, Fall 2005
Photo by Dan Johnson
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(No Transcript)
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COMPARISON OF VOLCANO SIZES
Mauna Loa 4170 m above sea level 9100 m above
ocean floor
MT. FUJI 3777 m above sea level
MT. ST. Helens (after 1980 eruption) 2554 m above
sea level
SEA LEVEL
OCEAN FLOOR
(from a diagram at the Jaggar Museum, Hawaii
Volcanoes National Park)
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Colima Volcano, México, a typical strato- or
composite-volcano
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Louwala-Clough (Mt. St. Helens)
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Louwala-Clough (Mt. St. Helens) was once the
maiden Loowit, who was turned into
this beautiful volcano
She was fought over by two warriors
Wyeast (Mt. Hood), who sends lava streams and
throws hot stones
Pahto (Mt. Adams), who mainly hunches over
gloomily
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Mt. Mazama (Crater Lake)
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llao and Skell were two warriors who fought a
huge battle, probably an account of
the caldera-forming eruption of Mt. Mazama
6000 years ago
Now, Llao and Skell stare at each other across
the lake
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Volcanoes of México
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Popocatépetl and Iztaccihuatl, the angry warrior
and his sleeping beloved
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Popocatépetl is active, and has been erupting off
and on since the mid 1990s
Iztaccihuatl has been carved by glaciers, and
therefore hasnt erupted for at least 10,000
years
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AOTEAROA
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Auckland
Active volcanoes in Aotearoa
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Pihanga, the beautiful volcano who
chose Tongariro over all others
Ngauruhoe, the embodiment of Tongariro
Taranaki, who wandered broken- hearted into the
sunset (West)
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Geologic maps of part of the Central Volcanic
Zone, North Island
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The Kuwae (Vanuatu) eruption in the 1400s when
was it, and did it have global effects?
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KUWAE, VANUATU
A legend tells of Raherir, a man so old he
couldnt move, but who was kept alive by a spell.
He instructed his sons on how to cause a
tsunami that would drown him, and this tsunami
also killed many people. Many oral histories
tell of a huge eruption When embellishments
common to oral folklore are filtered out, it
appears that after several strong earthquakes
of increasing magnitude, Kuwae tilted and broke
into sveral pieces while a gigantic eruption was
ocurring. (Monzier et al., 1994) A young
chief, Ti Tongoa Liseiriki, was one of the people
who re-settled the nearby islands after the
eruption Sowhen was the eruption? Ti Tongoa
Liseiriki died in 1475 based on 14C dating of his
skeleton 14C dating of carbonized wood in
eruption deposits on nearby islands give eruption
dates of between 1420 and 1430
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But
Records from the Ming Dynasty (China) for the
spring of 1453 mention - "Non-stop snow
damaged wheat crops" - dust darkened the sky
- "Several feet of snow fell in six provinces
tens of thousands of people froze to
death". - Early in 1454, "it snowed for 40
days south of the Yangtze River and
countless died of cold and famine". - Lakes
and rivers froze, and the Yellow Sea was
ice-bound even 20 kilometers (13 miles)
from shore. In Sweden, corn tithes fell to
zero In W. North America, Europe, and China, tree
rings show stunted growth from
1453-1457 Constantinople fell to the Ottoman
sultan Mehmet II, accompanied by lurid
sunrises and sunsets as well as a strange fog Ice
cores in Antarctica show increased acidity in the
1453 layer