The AGN and Galaxy Evolution Survey AGES

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The AGN and Galaxy Evolution Survey(AGES)

• Daniel Eisenstein
• University of Arizona

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What is AGES?

• AGES is a redshift survey of the 9 deg2 NOAO Deep
  Wide-Field Survey Bootes field.
• Iclt20 for galaxies (roughly ilt20.5).
• Iclt21.5 for AGN (going to 22.5 this spring).
• 20,000 redshifts.
• Observations complete.
• 3 mag fainter than SDSS.

• Superb imaging
• NDWFS Bw, Rc, Ic to 2526 mag.
• NDWFS K to 19 Vega
• FLAMEX J K deeper over half the field
• Spitzer IRAC and MIPS, similar to SWIRE depth.
• Chandra (5 ksec)
• GALEX planned to 25 AB
• Radio data

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Who is AGES?

• PIs Chris Kochanek, Daniel Eisenstein, Steve
  Murray
• Special mention Nelson Caldwell, Richard Cool
• NDWFS Brand, Brown, Dey, R. Green, Jannuzi
• Chandra P. Green, Jones-Forman, Shields
• IRAC Brodwin, Eisenhardt, Fazio, J. Huang,
  Pahre, Stern
• MIPS/IRS Dole, Egami, Le Floc'h, Kuraszkiewicz,
  Papovich, Perez-Gonzalez, M. Rieke, Soifer,
  Weedman, Willmer
• SO/SAO Fan, Falco, Huchra, Impey, Moustakas,
  Zaritsky
• GALEX Martin, Heckman
• OSU Kollmeier, Watson

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Galaxy Target Selection

• Target selection is heavily multi-wavelength.
• For galaxies, 100 to Ilt18.5, then sparse-sampled
  to Ilt20, with heavier sampling for objects that
  pass flux cuts in other bands.
• BW, R, J, K, IRAC Ch 1-4, MIPS 24 mm, X-ray
• 13k redshifts for 26k Ilt20 galaxies. Highly
  complete.
• Largest spectroscopic sample of Spitzer objects.

• After correction, can think of this as an Iclt20
  sample, with sparse sampling of typical
  galaxies and better (often full) sampling for
  rare galaxies.

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Galaxy Redshift Distribution

• Blue Main sample
• Grey Reweighted.
• Red Filler sample.
• Reach L at z 0.5.
• Complementary to DEEP-2, which does not target
  zlt0.7 galaxies, save for 0.5 deg2.

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AGN Target Selection

• AGN were selected by X-ray, mid-IR (red in IRAC
  or 24 mm detect.), and radio, with limited GALEX
  and optical selection.
• Ilt21.5 for point sources (Ilt22.5 limited
  coverage)
• Ilt20 for extended sources (Ilt22.5 limited
  coverage).

• At least 2000 AGN in 9 deg2. 1250 at zgt1, 208 at
  zgt2.5.
• 3 AGN at 5.1ltzlt5.8 (Cool et al., 2006).

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AGES Science

• Evolution of galaxy properties from z0.8 to
  today.
• Optical luminosity function, color-luminosity
  distribution, stellar populations,
  mass-metallicity, Ha star formation rates.
• Mid-IR properties and evolution, e.g. luminosity
  functions in IRAC and MIPS, hidden star
  formation, stellar masses.
• Multi-wavelength distributions of galaxy
  properties, including versus environment.
• AGN properties from z 6 to today.
• Study of diversity of SEDs, impact on selection,
  and implications for AGN physics.
• Black hole masses, radiation rates, build-up of
  BHs, particularly for lower luminosity AGN.
• Leveraging of imaging catalogs
• Photo-z training for Spitzer, NDWFS, and SDSS.
• Cross-correlations to fainter galaxies.

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Rest-Frame Optical Properties
As observed.

• Ic to r0.1
• BW to u0.1
• Color bimodality is obvious.

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Optical Luminosity Function

• Evolution is clear. Low redshift matches SDSS.

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• Split blue vs. red galaxies, using a redshift
  dependent cut.
• Luminosity-color bimodal distribution clearly
  seen at all redshifts.

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Red vs. Blue Galaxies

• Low redshift luminosity functions match those
  from SDSS.
• Clear evolution in both sets.

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Evolution of the Optical LF

• Fit Schechter forms to the LFs, holding a fixed
  at the SDSS value.
• Luminosity density is near constant for red
  galaxies, increasing for blue galaxies. L
  increases for both sets.

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A Multiwavelength View of Galaxies

• The pan-chromatic imaging in the Bootes field
  offers a marvelous opportunity to use
  multiwavelength data to study galaxy properties.
• UV, Spitzer, Ha, and radio for star formation.
• Near-IR for stellar masses.
• X-ray and mid-IR for nuclear activity.
• Optical spectroscopic diagnostics.
• Now have the redshifts to translate these
  observed quantities into rest-frame properties.

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Mid-Infrared Properties
Red points are upper limits.
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Galaxy 24 mm Luminosity Function
Preliminary No Mid-IR K-corrections

• Q is at least 2.5 K corrections will enhance
  this.

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Where are the Mid-IR Luminous Galaxies?

• Imposing a 24 micron to optical color cut.

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Optical LF seems Unchanged
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Mid-IR Galaxies avoid the blue edge of the
late-types.
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Mid-IR Galaxies are slightly offset in optical
color
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Hectospec Lessons from AGES

• Rolling inspections with monthly re-design of
  configurations.
• F star sentinals for spectrophotometry.
• Fiber collisions were severe required many
  visits to reach completeness goals.
  Density-dependent sparse sampling might be
  better.
• We were lucky not to get stuck mid-sweep with
  weather losses this would have compromised
  survey completeness.

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Conclusions

• We have completed a large galaxy and AGN redshift
  survey.
• Superb imaging from space and ground.
• Many different science analyses are underway.
• Measuring evolution of galaxies from z0.8 to
  today.
• General data release coming ASAP, but we're open
  to new collaborations now.
• Thanks to the Hectospec instrument team, the
  robot operators, and the MMT staff!

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Hectospec SDSS

• As a SDSS project, we have observed fields from
  stripe 82 for z0.8 LRGs and faint quasars.
• Had hoped for 10 deg2 but horrid weather limited
  us to about 5 deg2.
• LRGs selected in r-i-z color space and observed
  to z20.3. Cool DJE are analyzing luminosity
  function.
• AGN selected to g22.5. Faint-end LF presented
  by Jiang et al., 2006, in press.
• Further collaborative projects here are possible.

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MMT Hectospec

• MMT is a 6.5-meter telescope on Mt. Hopkins,
  south of Tucson.
• Hectospec provides 300 fibers over a 1 degree
  field of view.
• 1.5" apertures
• R1000 currently
• 20-30 minute overhead per config robot
  positioner.
• PI Dan Fabricant (CfA)

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AGES SDSS

• AGES is intended for many different science
  goals.
• In the SDSS context, it can characterize galaxy
  and AGN properties at exactly the depths of the
  SDSS photometry.
• SDSS has imaged this region AGES could be used
  to train/test SDSS photo-z's.