UNDERSTANDING FOOT

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UNDERSTANDING FOOT AND MOUTH DISEASE
INFECTION by Cleon V. Kimberling Extension
Veterinarian Colorado State University
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FOR AN INFECTION TO OCCUR THERE IS A CHAIN OF
EVENTS

• HOST

• AGENT

• MODE OF ESCAPE

• MODE OF TRANSMISSION

• MODE OF ENTRY

• SUSCEPTIBLE HOST

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HOSTS

• CATTLE

• SWINE

• SHEEP GOATS

• ALL CLOVEN HOOFED
• ANIMALS.

• CAMELIDS ARE NOT HIGHLY
• SUSCEPTIBLE

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RESISTANT SPECIES

• HORSES

• MAN

• FOOT AND MOUTH DISEASE
• IS NOT A HUMAN HEALTH
• HAZARD

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AGENT (FMD VIRUS)

• VIRUS

• EXTREMELY SMALL

• EXTREMELY HARDY

• NOT KILLED BY NORMAL
• PASTEURIZATION

• LIVES FOR MONTHS IN
• MEAT MILK PRODUCTS

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AGENT (FMD VIRUS)

• RESISTANT TO MANY
• COMMON DISINFECTANTS

• A LOW OR HIGH PH
• KILLS THE VIRUS

• VINEGAR CLOROX
• LYE (NaOH)

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AGENT (FMD VIRUS)

• SURVIVES FOR WEEKS OR
• MONTHS IN DRIED
• SECRETIONS

• SURVIVES LONG PERIODS
• IN COOL DAMP CLIMATES

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AGENT (FMD VIRUS)

• HIGHLY CONTAGIOUS

• IT TAKES VERY FEW
• VIRUS PARTICALS TO
• CAUSE AN INFECTION

• A PIECE OF INFECTED
• MATERIAL THE SIZE
• OF A QUARTER WILL INFECT
• 1,000,000 HEAD OF CATTLE

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HOW DOES THE VIRUS ESCAPE FROM THE ANIMAL?

• IN RUPTURED VESCICLE FLUID

• EXHALED AIR

• SALIVA

• MILK

• SEMEN

• FECES

• URINE

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TRANSMISSION

• THE VIRUS IS SHED 5-10
• BEFORE CLINICAL SIGNS
• APPEAR

• VACCINATED ANIMALS CAN
• SHED THE ORGANISM

• RECOVERED CATTLE, SHEEP
• AND BUFFALO CAN BECOME
• CARRIERS

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FMD VIRUS SURVIVES

• UP TO 3 DAYS IN MUSCLE

• FOR MONTHS IN CHILLED OR
• FROZEN LYMPH NODES, BONE
• MARROW, VISCERA AND
• RESIDUAL BLOOD CLOTS

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SOME PLACES WHERE THE VIRUS HIDES OUT

• SAUSAGE/HAM/BACON
• 190 DAYS

• DRIED SKIM MILK 2 YEARS

• CURED HIDES 352 DAYS

• SURVIVAL OF THE FMD
• VIRUS DEPENDS ON pH,
• TEMPERATURE HUMIDITY

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MODES OF TRANSMISSION

• DIRECT CONTACT
• RESPIRATORY AEROSOLS

• LIVE ANIMAL MOVEMENT

• ARTIFICIAL BREEDING

• WINDBORNE SPREAD

• PIG EMIT 1,000,000,000 I U /DAY

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TRANSMISSION

• ANIMAL PRODUCTS
• BY-PRODUCTS

• VECTORS

• MECHANICAL SPREAD/FOMITES

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MODE OF ENTRY

• INGESTION

• INHALATION

• ARTIFICIAL INSEMENATION

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SUSCEPTIBILITY OF A NEW HOST

• PIGS, CATTLE, SHEEP, GOATS
• AND WILD ANIMALS

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WHERE DO WE BREAK THE CHAIN?

• PREVENT ENTRY OF THE VIRUS

• ALTER THE SUSCEPTIBILITY
• OF THE HOST BY VACCINATION

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DISEASES THAT CAUSE BLISTERS AND SIMILAR SIGNS

• VESICULAR STOMATITIS

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IF YOU HAVE AN ANIMAL WITH MOUTH, FEET OR TEAT
LESIONS CALL YOUR VETERINARIAN
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HOW DO WE HANDLE A SUSPECTED CASE?

• IMMEDIATE PREMISE
• AND 1 MILE QUARANTINE

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HOW DO WE DEAL WITH A FMD OUTBREAK?

• QUARANTINE AND CULLING
• OF ANIMALS

• VACCINATION AND CULLING

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WHO IS IN CHARGE?

• WHO PAYS THE BILL?

• WHAT ARE THE IMPACTS?

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WHERE DO I GET ADDITIONAL INFORMATION?
www.footandmouth.colostate.edu
www.maff.gov.uk/animalh/diseases/fmd/default.html
www.guardian.co.uk/gallery/0,2759,180825,00.html