NEWFOUNDLAND PLANTS

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NEWFOUNDLAND PLANTS

• BY CHRISTINA BARFITT

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INTRODUCTION

• Plants are multicellular, photosynthetic,
  eukaryotic organisms.
• All plants absorb water and nutrients from the
  soil using different types of roots systems and
  are able to produce sugars using solar energy.
• There are four separate divisions Bryophytes,
  Tracheophytes, Gymnosperms and Angiosperms.

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Definitions BRYOPHYTES

• (mossses and liverworts)
• A group of plants around 400 years old.
• Primitive structure and life cycle.
• Limited in size due to lack of vascular tissue.
• Lack true stems, leaves and roots.
• Commonly found in wet environments.
• Require water for reproduction.

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TRACHEOPHYTES

• (ferns and fern allies)
• Further advanced than the bryophyte.
• Able to inhabit more arid environments.
• Contain vascular tissue.
• Have true stems, leaves and roots.
• Four main groups wiskfern, horsetails, club
  mossses and ferns.
• Still require water for reproduction.

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GYMNOSPERMS

• Simple life cycle, contain vascular tissue.
• Have true stems, leaves and roots.
• Inhabit harsh, cold environments.
• Seeds are found in the female cone while pollen
  is found in the male cone.
• Do not require water for reproduction.
• Ex Conifers, do not have flowers and seeds are
  not covered by fruit.

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ANGIOSPERMS

• Most advanced of all four divisions.
• Wide variety of habitates.
• Produces seeds which are covered by a flower
  which forms a fruit.
• Contain vascular tissue and have true stems,
  leaves and roots.
• Pollination is relatively easy, does not require
  water for reproduction.

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ANGIOSPERMS
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Examples of ANGIOSPERMS

• BLUEBERRY
• CHERRYTREE
• MORNING GLORY
• CLOVER

• CRACKERBERRY
• ASTER
• DOGBERRY
• MARSHBERRY

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ASTER

• Seven different forms in Newfoundland alone.
• Wide spread throughout the Island portion of
  Newfoundland, found in wetlands, roadsides,
  floodplains, barren fields.
• Very adaptable.
• Due to adaptability, tends to take on many forms,
  so often difficult to recognize.

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ASTER

• Dicot, angiosperm netted veins, two cotyledons,
  petals in multiples of 4 or 5.
• Reproduction fairly easy wind, insects and self
  pollination.
• Unique adaptation leaves of plants found in
  wetland conditions gather near the upper half of
  the stalk to avoid the dampness of the ground.

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ASTER

• Ex novae-belgii (new york aster)
• stalked, mauved coloured flower.
• Approx.12-20 reayed petals
• between 1-3 ft. high.
• Stem smooth, leafy, unbranched

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BLUEBERRY

• Member of ericaceae (heath) family, the vaciinium
  genus and the subgenus cyanoccoccus.
• Requires soil with a pH of 4.5 to 5.2.
• Hardy shrub, killed at temperatures of -20 to -45
  degrees C.
• dicot, angiosperm with white or pink urn-shaped
  flowers with petals in multiples of 5.

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BLUEBERRY

• spreads to form a solid ground cover.
• flower forms a blue berry which is widely picked
  in August and September.
• Unique adaptation plant has flourished because
  of easy hybridization.

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CHERRYTREE

• Dicot, angiosperm petals in multiples of 5 with
  20 stamen.
• Flowers are white and closely packed, 5 -7 per
  cluster.
• Flower forms a bright red edible drupe.
• Twigs are gray and smooth, bark is bronze and
  leaves alternate up the leafstalk,

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CHERRYTREE

• Fruit contains one seed.
• Unique adaptations edible so seed dispersal is
  is carried out by animals. Also flowers attract
  bees and insects which aid in pollination.
• This allows for easy reproduction.

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CRACKERBERRY

• Dicot, angiosperm
• low, herbaceous plant, approx. 3-6 inches tall.
• Unique adaptationFound near forest edge, so
  berries are a ready food source for animals,
  which aids in seed dispersal.

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CRACKERBERRY

• Consists of groups of small, greenish white
  dark-centered flowers, surrounded by four large
  white petal like bracts.
• Has two oval pointed leaves and two smaller ones
  midstem.

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CLOVER

• Part of the Pea family, leguminosae.
• Dicot, angiosperm
• there are six types of clover found in
  Newfoundland.
• Bilaterally symmetrical.
• Unique adaptationbees are extremely attracted to
  the flower and so aid in pollination.

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CLOVER

• EX. Trifolium prutense (red clover)
• flowers are red and pink in colour, round and
  found on 3-9 in. stalks.
• Inhabits wild fields, roadsides and mountain
  slopes.

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MARSHBERRY

• Vaccinium oxycoccus.
• Dicot, angiosperm, petals in multiples of 4.
• Found in marshlands and bogs.
• Unique adaptations flowers are found two inches
  up the stalk to avoid the dampness. The berries
  of the flower are available in the winter for
  animals to to feed on, also their seed coat makes
  this an effective method of seed dispersal.

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MARSHBERRY

• Small, thin stemmed creepy shrub.
• Leaves small, oval evergreens which alternate
  along the stem.
• Flower has four pink petals.

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MORNING GLORY

• Catystegia sepium
• dicot, angiosperm five parted sepals, petals and
  stamens.
• Ususally found near roadsides.
• Unique adaptation the bright flower that
  attracts bees to aid in pollination.

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MORNING GLORY

• Beautiful, pure white flower.
• Petals fuse to form a trumpet shape.
• Plant ususally 5-6 ft. tall.
• Leaves are narrow shaped and alternate along the
  curving stem.

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DOGBERRY

• Sorbus americana marsh rosaceae (american
  mountain-ash dogberry.)
• a small tree usually 3-6 m. high with a short
  trunk.
• Ascending, spreading leaves with an open round
  topped crown.
• Trunk is bronze coloured and the twigs are red
  coloured and are stout and hairless.

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DOGBERRY

• Leaves are alternate and pinnutely compund.
  Consisting of 11-17 leaflets.
• The flowers are creamy white.
• Dicot, angiosperm petals 15-20.
• Fruit is a glossy red berry.
• Unique adaptation the flowers attract insects
  and the berries attract birds, this aids in
  pollination and seed dispersal.

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Dichotomous Key
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Dichotomous Key
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Dichotomous Key