Plants and Animals, what lives where

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Plants and Animals, what lives where?
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Plants What grows where?

• Woodlands and forests are characterised by the
  presence of trees. Forests differ from woodlands
  in terms of light penetration.

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Plants What grows where?

• Woodlands and forests are characterised by the
  presence of trees. Forests differ from woodlands
  in terms of light penetration.
• For a forest, the coverage is 30 to 100
• For a woodland, it is less than 30

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Plants What grows where?

• Woodlands and forests are characterised by the
  presence of trees. Forests differ from woodlands
  in terms of light penetration.
• For a forest, the coverage is 30 to 100
• For a woodland, it is less than 30
• Closed forests have a coverage of 70 to 100
  e.g. rainforest

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Plants What grows where?

• Woodlands and forests are characterised by the
  presence of trees. Forests differ from woodlands
  in terms of light penetration.
• For a forest, the coverage is 30 to 100
• For a woodland, it is less than 30
• Closed forests have a coverage of 70 to 100
  e.g. rainforest
• Open forests have less than 70 e.g. eucalyptus
  forest.

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Types of Forests
Rainforest
Eucalypt Forest
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Plants surviving in arid environments

• Plant species that survive and reproduce in arid
  environments in Australia, show adaptations that
  equip them to

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Plants surviving in arid environments

• Plant species that survive and reproduce in arid
  environments in Australia, show adaptations that
  equip them to
• Maximise water uptake

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Plants surviving in arid environments

• Plant species that survive and reproduce in arid
  environments in Australia, show adaptations that
  equip them to
• Maximise water uptake
• Minimise water loss

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Plants surviving in arid environments

• Plant species that survive and reproduce in arid
  environments in Australia, show adaptations that
  equip them to
• Maximise water uptake
• Minimise water loss
• Produce drought-resistant seeds

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Maximising water uptake

• The root system takes up water in the plant

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Maximising water uptake

• The root system takes up water in the plant
• Long, unbranched roots that penetrate the moist
  soil or hit the nearby watertable are produced.

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Maximising water uptake

• The root system takes up water in the plant
• Long, unbranched roots that penetrate the moist
  soil or hit the nearby watertable are produced.
• Once moisture is reached, the major root branches
  and forms lateral roots. Plants that produce
  these roots are called water trappers and the
  major root can grow to depths of 30 metres.

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Maximising water uptake

• The root system takes up water in the plant
• Long, unbranched roots that penetrate the moist
  soil or hit the nearby watertable are produced.
• Once moisture is reached, the major root branches
  and forms lateral roots. Plants that produce
  these roots are called water tappers and the
  major root can grow to depths of 30 metres.
• A corky waterproof layer prevents water loss

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Maximising water uptake
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Reducing water loss

• Transpiration is the loss of water vapour by
  evaporation from moist surfaces inside the plant.
  The water loss occurs through the stomata

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Reducing water loss

• Transpiration is the loss of water vapour by
  evaporation from moist surfaces inside the plant.
  The water loss occurs through the stomata
• Stomata are found on the lower surface of plant
  leaves.

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Reducing water loss

• Transpiration is the loss of water vapour by
  evaporation from moist surfaces inside the plant.
  The water loss occurs through the stomata
• Stomata are found on the lower surface of plant
  leaves.
• The higher the wind speed and the higher the
  temperature, the greater the water loss.

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Stomata
Sunken stomata
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Reducing water loss

• Some adaptations include
• Reduced density of stomata on leaf surface
• Restriction period of opening of the stomata to
  night time when temperatures are lower
• Stomata found in pits below the leaf surface
• Presence of a thick waxy cuticle on the surface
  for waterproofing

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Reducing water loss

• Some adaptations include
• Reduced density of stomata on leaf surface
• Restriction period of opening of the stomata to
  night time when temperatures are lower
• Stomata found in pits below the leaf surface
• Presence of a thick waxy cuticle on the surface
  for waterproofing
• Presence of hair on the leaf surface this slows
  the airflow over the leaf surface
• Small leaves
• Glossy leaves to reflect the suns heat
• Infolding of leaves to slow down the airflow over
  the surface

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Producing seeds for survival

• The outer coats of the seeds of desert plants
  contain a water-soluble chemical that inhibits
  seed germination.

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Producing seeds for survival

• The outer coats of the seeds of desert plants
  contain a water-soluble chemical that inhibits
  seed germination.
• Dry conditions no germination

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Producing seeds for survival

• The outer coats of the seeds of desert plants
  contain a water-soluble chemical that inhibits
  seed germination.
• Dry conditions no germination
• When heavy rains fall, the chemical is dissolve
  away and the seeds then germinate to produce
  seedlings

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Australian fauna what survives where?

• A successful species is
• Individual animals survive to reproductive age
  and

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Australian fauna what survives where?

• A successful species is
• Individual animals survive to reproductive age
  and
• Mature animals reproduced to give rise to
  sufficient numbers of offspring to ensure
  survival of the next generation

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Animals in desert environments

• Some species cope with lack of surface water be
  emigrating from the drought affected areas to
  areas where lakes and rivers exist

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Animals in desert environments

• Some species cope with lack of surface water be
  emigrating from the drought affected areas to
  areas where lakes and rivers exist
• Some organisms go into an inactive state known as
  dormancy, in which breathing rates and heart
  rates are minimal and energy needs are very
  greatly reduced

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Animals in desert environments

• Some species cope with lack of surface water be
  emigrating from the drought affected areas to
  areas where lakes and rivers exist
• Some organisms go into an inactive state known as
  dormancy, in which breathing rates and heart
  rates are minimal and energy needs are very
  greatly reduced
• Some adult species cannot live in these harsh
  environments and it is through the offspring that
  the species survives.

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The end