Section 4'20

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Section 4.20 McKay Ch 16

• Britain The Triumph of Parliament

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English Absolutism
Charles I comes to power
James II
Long Parliament begins
Moderate
Radical
Thermidorian
Restoration
Constitution
Interregnum
Restoration
Thorough
1603 1625 1629 1640 1649 1653 1660 1673
1685 1688
Test Act
Glorious Revolution
James I Stuart Reign begins
Charles I dissolves Parliament after it issues
Petition of Right
Charles II
The Protectorate
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King Charles II r. 1660-1685

• Had charm, poise, political skills unlike his
  father!.
• Restored the theaters and reopened the pubs and
  brothels closed during the Restoration.
• Favored religious toleration.
• Had secret Catholic sympathies.
• Realized that he could not repeat the mistakes
  his father had made.

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King Charles II r. 1660-1685

• 1661 ? Cavalier Parliament filled with
  Royalists
• Disbanded the Puritan army.
• Pardoned most Puritan rebels.
• Restored the authority of the Church of England.
• 1662 ? Clarendon Code Act of Uniformity
• All clergy church officials had to conform to
  the Anglican Book of Common Prayer.
• It forbade non-conformists (Puritans) to
  worship publicly, teach their faith, or attend
  English universities

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King Charles II r. 1660-1685

• 1673 ? Test Act
• Parliament excluded all but Anglicans from
  civilian and military positions.to the Anglican
  gentry, the Puritans were considered radicals
  and the Catholics were seen as traitors!
• Movement to exclude James from the throne by law
  grows
• Exclusionists (known as Whigs) were mostly from
  Upper Aristocracy (great nobles)
• Kings supporters (Tories) Lower Aristocracy and
  gentry
• 1679 ? Habeas Corpus Act
• Any unjustly imprisoned persons could obtain a
  writ of habeas corpus compelling the govt. to
  explain why he had lost his liberty.

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The Restoration Continued

• Re-Catholicization was a slow drifting tendency
  in much of Europe
• England remained staunchly anti-Catholic
• Charles II was Catholic at heart
• Secret treaty of Dover of 1670
• Charles agreed to help Louis against the Dutch
• Louis agreed to give Charles 3 million livres
• James the heir of Charles announced his
  conversion to Rome (Catholicism)
• Declaration of indulgence
• Charles II announced non-enforcement of laws
  against dissenters
• Viewed as a way to promote Catholics

James II of England
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King James II r. 1685-1688

• Was a bigoted convert to Catholicism without any
  of Charles IIs shrewdness or ability to
  compromise.
• Alienated even the Tories.
• Provoked the revolution that Charles II had
  succeeded in avoiding!

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King James II r. 1685-1688

• Introduced Catholics into theHigh Command of
  both thearmy and navy.
• Camped a standing army a fewmiles outside of
  London.
• Surrounded himself with Catholic advisors
  attackedAnglican control of theuniversities.
• Claimed the power to suspend or dispense with
  Acts of Parliament.
• 1687 ? Declaration of Liberty of Conscience
• He extended religious toleration without
  Parliaments approval or support.

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The Revolution of 1688

• 1685 James II becomes king
• Suspends the Test Act and appoints Catholics to
  important positions
• Moves Tories over to Whig side
• 1688 a son is born to James II and baptized
  Catholic
• 1685 Edict of Fontainebleau in France
• Appears that England will become Catholic again

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The Glorious Revolution 1688

• Whig Tory leaders offered the throne jointly to
  James IIs daughter Mary raised a Protestant
  her husband, William of Orange.
• He was a vigorous enemy of Louis XIV.
• He was seen as a champion of the Protestant cause.

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English Bill of Rights 1689

• It settled all of the major issues between King
  Parliament.
• It served as a model for the U. S. Bill of
  Rights.
• It also formed a base for the steady expansion of
  civil liberties in the 18c and early 19c in
  England.

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English Bill of Rights 1689

• Main provisions
• The King could not suspend the operation of laws.
• The King could not interfere with the ordinary
  course of justice.
• No taxes levied or standard army maintained in
  peacetime without Parliaments consent.
• Freedom of speech in Parliament.
• Sessions of Parliament would be held frequently.
• Subjects had the right of bail, petition, and
  freedom from excessive fines and cruel and
  unusual punishment.
• The monarch must be a Protestant.
• Freedom from arbitrary arrest.
• Censorship of the press was dropped.
• Religious toleration.

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Coalition Against France

• England joins the coalition against France under
  Williams leadership
• England lends money to the Dutch
• Create the Bank of England
• Creates liquidity that the Continent cannot match
• British National Debt
• Merchants of London, Whig aristocrats, having
  lent money to gov had big reason to defend it

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Glorious Revolution

• Sum of events after 1688 became known as the
  Glorious Revolution
• Justified by John Locke
• Right of rebellion against tyranny (not in
  Ireland)
• Natural Rights
• Parliamentary government
• Rule of law
• Restrictions on the power of English kings
• England is not a democracy
• no salaries for public officials
• Had to be wealthy to serve
• serves the landed aristocracy