Bluetooth Works

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Bluetooth Works
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Bluetooth Works
By Group 70102
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Why is it called Bluetooth?
In 1998, a special interest group (SIG) was
formed to develop and promote the technology. The
SIG took the name Bluetooth from Harald II
"Bluetooth" King of Denmark who was born in the
10th century. Bluetooth peacefully unified
Denmark and Norway.
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What is a Bluetooth?

• Evolved from basic cellular digital radio designs
  implemented in mobile phones since the early
  1980s.
• Based on 802.11 in ad-hoc mode
• Short range (up to 10m) radio communications
  standard
• Runs at 2.4 GHz, near microwave frequency
• Unlicensed part of spectrum
• Performs fast frequency hopping (1600 hops/sec)
  between 79 points to avoid interference
• Is full duplex

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Basic Bluetooth functions
The Bluetooth technology is quite complex.
This is not so surprising, considering the task
it has to handle. It is mainly based on the IEEE
802.11 standard, briefly described at right. Of
the 2 network modes described, Bluetooth uses the
ad-hoc mode. This means that each station must
observe "netiqette" and give all other units fair
access to the wireless media.
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The Bluetooth "Channels"

• "Channels" can mean 3 different things in this
  context
• It could refer to the 79 (or 23) RF-channels, on
  individual frequencies 1 MHz apart
• It could also refer to the communications
  channels, consisting of a pseudo-random hopping
  sequence through these 79 (or 23) RF-channels.
  Such a channel could more be likened with what is
  called a "session" in the OSI-model.
• There are also 5 Logical Channels, which are
  used for control purposes.

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How does Bluetooth work?
Bluetooth can be used to wirelessly
synchronize and transfer data among devices.
Bluetooth can be thought of as a cable
replacement technology. Typical uses include
automatically synchronizing contact and calendar
information among desktop, notebook and palmtop
computers without connecting cables. Bluetooth
can also be used to access a network or the
Internet with a notebook computer by connecting
wirelessly to a cellular phone.
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Bluetooth technical

• Low power, 30-100mA during sustained data
  transmissions
• Devices automatically switch to power saving mode
• Bandwidth is wide enough to carry voice data
• an asynchronous data channel, or
• up to 3 simultaneous synchronous voice channels,
  or
• a channel which simultaneously supports
  asynchronous data and synchronous voice.
• Transfers data at 721 Kbps
• three to eight times the average speed of
  parallel and serial ports, respectively.
• Up to 7 simultaneous connections can be
  established and maintained

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When and how is a Scatternet created?
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Who controls Bluetooth?

• The Bluetooth Special Interest Group (SIG)
• working together to define and promote an open,
  royalty-free specification.
• This group defines a certification program for
  Bluetooth products to ensure product
  compatibility across manufacturers.
• The Bluetooth SIG includes promoter companies
  3Com, Ericsson, IBM, Intel, Lucent, Microsoft,
  Motorola, Nokia and Toshiba, and more than 2000
  Adopter/Associate member companies.

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What is the Bluetooth SIG?
The Bluetooth SIG was formed as a group of
companies working together to define, develop and
promote an open, royalty-free specification for
seamless wireless connectivity and cable
replacement for a wide variety of
mobility-enhancing devices. In developing the
Bluetooth specification, the SIG is strictly
adhering to some basic principles that can be
summed up in five key words freedom, security,
simplicity, versatility, and reliability. These
key words are the foundation of Bluetooth.
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Security

• Bluetooth protocol has these components
• Random Number Generation
• Encryption (128-bit WEP)
• Encryption Key Management
• Authentication
• Devices can be assigned a PIN which must be
  verified before others can access it
• Devices have unique 48 bit Bluetooth address
• Fast frequency hopping provides some security
• only synchronised nodes can follow transmissions
• Uses checksums FEC (Forward Error Correction)
  to detect fix corruption of data

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Alternative communications

• IrDA (Infrared Data Association)
• Needs to be line of sight
• Point to point only (no multicast)
• Radio waves as used in cordless phones
• Proprietary format would need standardising
• 802.11b and HomeRF
• Disadvantage over cabling - interference

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Competitors - WLAN

• IEEE 802.11b
• Office or campus LAN
• 11Mbps
• Multiple clients per access point
• Up to 100 metres range
• Uses Wired Equivalent Privacy
• 40 bit encryption key

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What is the future of Bluetooth?
Bluetooth is a continually expanding
technology. There are plans to add many new
application profiles. With over 1800 companies
working on Bluetooth, the future could not be
brighter. With a strong special interest group
behind Bluetooth, the standardization of the
application profiles is almost assured. According
to market researchers, Cahners In-Stat Group, it
is anticipated that as many as 670 million
products will have Bluetooth built-in by the year
2005.
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THE END