Chapter 25 Alcohol

1
Chapter 25Alcohol

• Lesson 1
• Alcohol Use A High Risk Behavior p. 550

2
Health Terms

• Ethanol
• Fermentation
• Intoxication

3
What is Alcohol?

• Ethanol
• A powerful drug
• Made synthetically or
• Naturally by fermentation
• Fermentation of grains, fruits, and vegetables
• Beer
• Wine
• Liquor
• Depressant
• Slows the central nervous system

4
Alcohol and Teens

• 1/2 of teens who die each year are a direct
  result of alcohol or other drugs
• automobile crashes
• Alcohol is involved in many unplanned
  pregnancies, STDs, violence, suicides, and
  homicides.
• Nearly 5 million problem drinkers are ages 14 to
  17

5
Alcohol and Teens contd

• A High Risk Behavior
• Alcohol can have a negative effect on
• School work
• Athletic performance
• Friendships
• Family relationships
• Career goals

6
Why Young People Drink

• To escape pressures or problems
• To feel better
• To deal with stress
• To feel more confident socially
• For excitement
• Because their friends are drinking
• Boredom
• To get away with something against the rules
• To fit in

7
Factors that Affect Teen Alcohol Use

• Friends
• Peer pressure
• Difficult to say NO
• Especially when you want to fit in
• Family
• When teens see parents use alcohol to relax or
  socialize, they will do the same

8
Factors that Affect Teen Alcohol Use contd

• Advertising
• Over 1 billion a year spent
• Young, attractive people
• Party-like atmosphere
• Often a healthful environment
• Problem-free drinking
• A warning that doesnt really say anything about
  the risks
• By ninth grade most teens will have seen more ads
  for wine and beer than any other ad
• Message of successful, romantic, and problem-free
  relationships
• Sporting events sponsored by alcoholic beverages
• College campus equipment (scoreboards) purchased
  by alcohol companies
• Articles of clothing with advertising

9
You and Your Decisions About Drinking

• Everyone has the right to feel loved and
  important.
• Alcohol doesnt have to be a part of that sense
  of belonging.
• As you apply your decision-making skills, you
  will see that the negative far outweighs the
  positive.

10
Chapter 25Alcohol

• Lesson 2
• What Alcohol Does to the Body
• p. 555

11
Health Terms

• Blood alcohol concentration
• Designated driver
• Fatty liver
• Cirrhosis
• Fetal alcohol syndrome

12
Short-Term Effects of Drinking

• Depends on several factors
• Amount of alcohol consumed
• Gender of person
• Size of person
• Amount of food in persons stomach

13
Short-Term Effects of Drinking contd

• Brain
• Liver
• Blood vessels
• Heart
• Kidneys
• Stomach

14
Short-Term Effects of Drinking contd

• Brain
• Alcohol reaches brain almost immediately
• Depress the activity of the brain
• Slows the CNS (central nervous system)
• Thought processes are disorganized
• Memory is disorganized
• Concentration is dulled
• Decision making is badly affected

15
Short-Term Effects of Drinking contd

• Liver
• Changes alcohol to water, carbon dioxide, and
  energy through the process called OXIDATION
• There is NO WAY to speed this process
• Including a shower or coffee
• 10 to 15 ml of alcohol are oxidized per hour
• The rest of the alcohol continues to circulate

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Short-Term Effects of Drinking contd

• Blood Vessels
• Dilate or widen
• Causes increased blood flow
• Especially to the skin
• Creates a false sense of warmth
• Causes rapid body heat loss risk of hypothermia

17
Short-Term Effects of Drinking contd

• Heart
• Increases heart rate
• Arrhythmias or
• Abnormal heart beats
• Causes scar tissue build-up
• in heart muscle
• Increased risk of heart attack
• Increased risk of stroke

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Short-Term Effects of Drinking contd

• Kidneys
• Alcohol affect the pituitary gland
• Which in-turn affect the kidneys
• Kidneys produce more urine
• A person often feels dehydrated the next day

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Short-Term Effects of Drinking contd

• Stomach
• Alcohol increases gastric juices
• More alcohol, more gastric juices
• Irritates stomach lining
• Internal bleeding
• Food slows but DOES NOT eliminate alcohol
  absorption

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Short-Term Effects of Drinking contd

• Driving Under the Influence
• DUI
• Blood Alcohol Concentration or BAC
• - first signs of impairment at 0.02 BAC
• - VA law under 21 is 0.02
• - VA law 21 and over is 0.08

21
Short-Term Effects of Drinking contd

• BAC is affected by
• Gender
• Weight
• Metabolism
• Amount of alcohol consumed
• Food in persons stomach
• Time spend drinking
• Time following last drink

22
Short-Term Effects of Drinking contd

• Drinking at any level
• Reduces ability to judge distance, speed, turns
• Reduces the ability to judge ones capabilities
  and limitations
• Increases risk taking
• Slows reflexes
• Adds to forgetfulness
• Use turn signals
• Reduces ability to concentrate

23
Short-Term Effects of Drinking contd

• Consequences of DUI
• DEATH
• not only to the drinker,
• but the nondrinker victim
• Each day 11 teens are killed 350 are injured in
  alcohol related crashes.

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Short-Term Effects of Drinking contd

• Immediate confiscation of drivers license
• Arrest, trip to jail, court appearance,
• fine
• Possible suspension of drivers license
• Possible mandatory jail sentence
• Cost of bail
• Higher insurance rates
• Possible lawsuits

25
Short-Term Effects of Drinking contd

• Efforts to Reduce DUI
• Laws
• BAC of 0.08 or lower
• Illegal to have an open alcohol container
• Mandatory breath, blood, urine test
• Refusal to test is an automatic suspension of
  drivers license
• May go to jail immediately
• Organizations helpful in establishing laws
• MADD
• SADD
• Designated Drivers (DD)
• One who chooses to not drink so to safely drive
  others

26
Long-Term Effects of Drinking

• Brain Damage
• Chronic Liver Problems
• Tolerance and Dependence
• The multiplier Effect

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Long-Term Effects of Drinking contd

• Brain Damage
• Decrease brain size
• Destroy brain cells
• Loss of intellectual abilities
• Memory
• Problem solving
• Every day functions

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Long-Term Effects of Drinking contd

• Chronic Liver Problems
• The liver processes fats. With alcohol
  consumption, fats are blocked and build up on the
  liver.
• Thus the liver cannot function normally.
• Cirrhosis Liver failure
• Hepatitis Death

29
Long-Term Effects of Drinking contd

• Tolerance Dependence
• Tolerance the body gets used alcohol and need
  to drink more to produce the same effects
• Withdrawal a range of symptoms that include
  jumpiness, sleeplessness, sweats, poor appetite,
  tremors, convulsions, hallucinations
• Dependence the body develops a need for
  alcohol marked by tolerance and withdrawal.

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Long-Term Effects of Drinking contd

• The Multiplier Effect
• A combination of alcohol and other drugs
  (illegal, OTC, or prescription) will alter the
  way alcohol affects the body.
• Unpredictable
• Accidental deaths

31
Alcohol and Pregnancy

• Fetal Alcohol Syndrome
• FAS
• Alcohol consumed by a pregnant female goes from
  her blood directly to the fetus blood through
  the placenta and umbilical cord

32
Alcohol and PregnancyFAS contd

• Low birth weight
• Impaired speech
• Cleft palate
• General weakness
• Slow body growth
• Facial abnormalities
• Poor condition

• Heart defects
• Mental retardation
• FAS is the leading cause of MR in USA
• Poor attention span
• Nervousness
• Hyperactivity

33
Chapter 25Alcohol

• Lesson 3
• Alcohol and Society p. 562

34
Health Terms

• Binge drinking
• Alcohol poisoning
• Alcoholism
• Delirium tremens (DTs)

35
Patterns of Alcohol Abuse

• Binge Drinking
• Popular with some
• High school students
• College students
• Takes the form of a social event or contest
• Mistaken as no problem because drinking doesnt
  occur every day

• Alcohol Poisoning
• 0.40 BAC
• 4 times the legal limit for driving
• Interrupts the brains ability to control
  breathing
• Can lead to death

36
Alcoholism

• Myth
• Alcoholism is just a passing state
• Alcoholics are easily recognized
• Alcoholics

• Fact
• Alcoholism is a disease
• Many appear clean orderly
• need help

37
Alcoholism contd

• Traits of the Alcoholic
• They are preoccupied with alcohol
• Once they pick up a drink, they cannot promise or
  predict
• What they say
• How much they will drink
• Cannot manage stress without alcohol
• May have memory lapses with drinking
• May have personality changes

38
Alcoholism contd

• Stages of Alcoholism
• Stage one abuse
• Begins with social drinking
• Often to relax or relieve stress/depression
• Gradually drinking becomes necessary to manage
  stress
• A physical psychological dependency develops
• The drinker may have short-term memory loss
• The drinker makes excuses for his/her drinking
  behavior
• Alcohol tolerance increases
• Labeled a problem drinker

39
Alcoholism contd

• Stages of Alcoholism contd
• Stage two dependence
• Gradually the person cannot stop drinking
• The person is physically dependent on the drug
• May drink alone and daily
• Physical mental problems become evident
• More excuses are made for drinking
• Drinker blames others
• Defensive behavior is evident
• Drinker denies or hides the problem
• The body develops more tolerance
• Drinking becomes central to the persons life
• Job/school performance decreases
• Absenteeism increases

40
Alcoholism contd

• Stages of Alcoholism contd
• Stage three addiction
• Drinking is more important than anything else in
  the persons life
• The problem cannot be denied
• The problem cannot be controlled
• There may be hallucinations
• Alcohol becomes a constant companion
• Malnutrition
• The person has fallen apart physically, mentally,
  emotionally, and socially
• The person now has reverse tolerance less
  alcohol to cause drunkenness
• DTs if alcohol consumption is stopped

41
Alcoholism contd

• DTs
• Delirium Tremens
• Hot and cold flashes
• Severe tremors
• Nightmares
• Hallucinations
• Fear of people and animals

42
Alcoholism contd

• Alcoholism cannot be cured
• It can be treated.
• 2/3 of alcoholics recover with proper treatment
• Treatment goals is to control or stop alcohol
  intake
• Support groups
• AA or Alcohol Anonymous for the alcoholic
• Alateen for the 12-20 year-old affected by an
  alcoholic
• Al-Anon for the person who are close to an
  alcoholic

43
Alcoholism contd

• Costs to the Family
• 3 million teen alcoholics
• All stages of alcoholism plays a major role in
  the 4 leading causes of accidental death
• Car crashes
• Falls
• Drownings
• Burns
• 20-30 of suicides

44
Alcoholism contd

• Costs to the Family contd
• Alcohol plays a major role
• Domestic violence
• Spousal child abuse
• Elderly abuse
• Marital separation/divorce
• Stressors factors in troubled families
• People who live with alcoholics are called
  codependents
• They ignore their own needs and concentrate on
  the needs of the alcoholic
• Often times damaging their own health

45
Alcoholism contd

• Costs to Society
• 100,000 Americans die from alcohol
• relates incidents
• traffic crashes
• homicides
• suicides

46
Alcoholism contd

• Costs to Society contd
• Off the highway incidents
• 6 million nonfatal
• 15,000 fatalities
• Industrial incidents
• 40 fatalities
• 47 injuries
• Medical costs
• 83 billion to drug abuse
• 116 billion to alcohol abuse
• Employer costs
• Approximately 30 billion a year lost revenue

47
Choosing to Be Alcohol Free

• I dont need it
• I dont have to drink to be popular
• I dont need to drink to be accepted, to have
  fun, or to act in some way that I usually
  wouldnt

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Choosing to Be Alcohol Free contd

• Saying NO to Alcohol
• Takes a firm mental commitment
• Practice what you are going to say
• Keep the turn-down
• Polite
• Confident
• To the point
• Sometimes
• Humorous
• Creative

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Choosing to Be Alcohol Free contd

• Alcohol and Sexual Activity
• Alcohol affects a persons judgment and self
  control
• Interfere with emotions, decisions, and behavior
• Persons how are shy or socially uncomfortable
  may use alcohol as an ice-breaker
• Find themselves in a situation they later regret
• Engage in sexual activity

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Choosing to Be Alcohol Free contd

• Alcohol and Sexual Activity contd
• Extreme unhealthy behavior
• HIV/AIDS
• STDs
• Unplanned pregnancy
• Ruined reputation
• Date rape
• Other violence

51
Choosing to Be Alcohol Free contd

• REMEMBER
• Making a decision to practice abstinence
• from ALL risk behaviors is the best way to
• avoid injury and illness and maintain good
• health.

52
Which Life to Choose?

• Choose a life free of alcohol and other drugs
• To pursue goals
• At a steady pace
• Be successful and healthy
• Get side tracked and thrown off course all
  together with alcohol and drug use