Adolescence

1
Chapter 14

• Adolescence
• Biosocial Development

2
Puberty Begins

• Period of rapid physical growth and sexual
  maturation
• Brings person to adult size, shape and sexual
  potential

3

• Hormones and Puberty
• Process begins with hormone production in brain
• Hormones from hypothalamus trigger production in
  pituitary glands
• In turn this triggers hormone production in
  adrenal glands and sex glands

4
(No Transcript)
5

• Hormonal changes are to some extent responsible
  for emotional changes
• Increasing hormone levels can cause rapid arousal
  of emotions
• Hormones effect quick shift of emotions
• For boys, increase in hormones lead to thoughts
  about sex
• For girls hormonal flow during menstrual cycle
  produce specific mood changes
• positive mood mid cycle- negative mood day or two
  before period

6
(No Transcript)
7

• When Do Changes Begin?
• Changes begin between ages 8 to 14
• 3 to 4 years after first visible signs, all major
  events are over
• individual may get a little taller and put on
  some weight
• Genes
• Timing can be affected by genetics, ethnicity,
  nations
• Body Type
• Stockier builds experience puberty earlier

8
The Growth Spurt

• A sudden, uneven and unpredictable jump in the
  size of almost every part of the body

9

• Wider, Taller, Stronger
• Increased bone length and density
• Feet and fingers lengthen before arms and legs,
  then torso
• Weight gain becomes rapid
• Height increase follows
• Timing
• For girls from 10-14
• For boys from 12-16

10

• Proper Proportions
• Head last to grow
• Dont all grow at same time as peers

11

• Organ growth
• occurs as torso grows
• Lungs triple in weight and size
• Heart doubles in size (rate decreases)
• Total volume of blood increases
• Allows for physical endurance in exercise

12

• Nutrition
• Rapid growth requires more calories, vitamins and
  minerals
• 50 more Vitamin D, calcium, iron, and zinc
  during this time
• More likely to be deficient in iron than anything
  else
• Adolescent more likely to experience periods of
  undereating, overeating or nutritional imbalance

13
(No Transcript)
14
Sexual Characteristics

• Results in significant body differences between
  males and females

15

• Reproductive Possibilities
• Changes in primary sex characteristics
• Girls - uterus begins to grow and vaginal lining
  thickens
• Menarche- first menstral period
• Boys- testes grown, penis lengthens, scrotal sac
  enlarges and becomes pendulous
• Spermarche- first ejaculation of seminal fluid

16
Sexual Appearance

• Breasts
• Females accumulate fat
• Both boys and girls, the diameter of areola
  around nipples increases
• Voice and Hair
• Lower, especially in males
• Body hair becomes coarser and darker
• New hair growth in armpits and in genital area

17
Health and Hazards

• Sexual Abuse- Special Vulnerability in
  Adolescence
• Unwelcome sexual advances
• Arouses adult, excites, shames or confuses a
  young person
• Female more likely to be incestual
• Male more likely to be a male who is not a family
  member

18

• Alcohol, Tobacco and other Drugs
• Drug abuse ingestion of drug so that users
  well-being is impaired
• Drug addiction a persons dependence on a drug
  or behavior that makes the user feel physically
  or psychologically at ease
• Drug use ingestion of a drug, regardless or
  amount or effect

19

• Disquieting Trends
• More frequent use
• Younger and Younger

20
(No Transcript)
21

• Health Impact of Gateway Drugs
• Tobacco
• Decreases food consumption
• Interferes with absorption of nutrients
• Reduces fertility
• Most physically addictive drug of all

22
(No Transcript)
23

• Alcohol
• 2 x more likely to be sexually active
• 2 x more likely to engage in antisocial behaviors
• 4 x more likely to be excessively absent from
  school
• More likely to get in a car with a drunk driver