Species:Area

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SpeciesArea
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Colonization of mangroves
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Reduction of Area
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Colonizing Mangroves Experiment
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Species Area
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Species Area
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Species area
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Species Area and Distance
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Species area Habitat
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Insects on trees
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Models of stability
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Animals and trees
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SpeciesArea
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SpeciesArea
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Speciesarea Phtophagous insects
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The Equilbrium Theory of Island Biogeography
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Test of Island Biogeography Theory
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Area or habitat?
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Area or Habitat?
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Dan Simberloff
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Species richness and time
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Values of z
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Islands and Mainland
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Distance and species richness
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Remoteness and Species Richness
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Colonisation of Surtsey
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Herbivorous Insects on Bracken
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Species richness and complexity
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Immigration and Extinction
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Repeated Recolonization
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Endemism Norfolk Island
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Richness of native and introduced tree species
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Coastal data, Australia and Norway
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Deep-sea data from New Jersey, USA, Grassle
Maciolek 1992
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Southern Norway, Jøssingfjord
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Snorre oil field, Norway
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Port Phillip Bay, Australia
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Bass Strait, Australia
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Species diversity of coastal sediments
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Sanders Diversity Data (1968)
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SpeciesArea plot of Sanders data (from Abele
Walters 1978)
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Hypotheses of the SpeciesArea Relationship
(Rosenzweig 1995)

• Larger areas contain greater numbers of species
• Larger areas contain a greater number of habitats
• Larger areas have greater numbers of individuals
  and hence of species also

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Frigg oilfield, Norway
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Predicting local species richness from area

• The most widely used speciesarea relationship
  is S CAz where S number of species, C and Z
  are constants and A area.
• There is however, debate as to whether the
  speciesarea relationship is
• LogS LogC X(LogA) or
• S C X(LogA).
• For the Frigg data the latter is the best fit and
  the regression S 152.69 230.88(LogA) gives an
  R2 of 0.9975.

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Predicting local species richness from the
species area relationship
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Species area relationship for benthos of the
Norwegian continental shelf
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Area of Shallow and Deep Sea(from Rohde 1997)
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Relative Surface Areas of Oceans(from Rohde 1997)
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The energy-productivity hypothesis (Wright 1983)

• The available energy is maximal in the tropics
  and shows a decline polewards and this gradient
  is also shown in species richness.
• The correlates of energy are measures of heat
  such as mean annual temperature, mean summer
  temperature, sea-surface temperature or
  evapotranspiration

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Wrights energy-productivity hypothesis
Wright based his arguments first on the
assumption that the total number of individuals
of all species at a site should be proportional
to its area giving   N ? A  where ? is the
total density of individuals per unit area, and N
is the total number of individuals which is
proportional to the total production of available
energy at the site, E.   This gives
N ? E where ? is
the number of individuals supported per unit rea
of energy.   This gives a species-energy curve
S kEz   or log S z logE Log k   where k
is a constant related to ? and S and z are as in
the species area relationship.  
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Energy hypothesis
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Mean Annual SST and Diversity(from Roy et al
1998)