Authoring of Adaptive and Adaptable Educational Hypermedia A3EH Course day2 part12

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Authoring of Adaptive (and Adaptable) Educational
Hypermedia A3EH Course day2 part1/2

• Dr. Alexandra Cristea
• a.i.cristea_at_tue.nl
• http//wwwis.win.tue.nl/alex/

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Outline Theory

• Adaptive Hypermedia of the Past, Present and
  Future
• Example AH systems and applications
• Authoring for Adaptive Hypermedia
• AH Authoring reference architecture LAOS
• A closer look on adaptation design LAG
• Learning Styles in Adaptive Hypermedia
• Conclusions

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Example Adaptive Hypermedia Systems

• We show examples that are very different
• ISIS-Tutor Tutorial for Library Information
  System (Moscow State University and Univ. of
  Trier)
• SQL-Tutor Intelligent Tutoring System for SQL
  (Canterbury, New Zealand)
• Interbook Adaptive Electronic Textbooks (Univ.
  of Pittsburgh)
• INTRIGUE adaptable tourist guide (Univ. of
  Torino)
• TV Scout personalized TV guide (GMD Darmstadt)
• ARIA Photo Agent with commonsense reasoning (MIT)

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ISIS-Tutor adaptive annotation/hiding

• Tutor for CDS/ISIS library system
• CDS/ISIS is a library system for PCs sponsored by
  UNESCO
• ISIS Tutor developed by Peter Brusilovsky and
  Leonid Pesin
• descendent from an older system ITEM/P (Moscow
  State Univ.)
• domain- and student model for monitoring student
  knowledge
• tutor component to perform adaptive task
  sequencing
• hypertext component lets students navigate
  through course material.
• learning environment lets users interact with
  ISIS
• versions with adaptive link annotation and link
  removal
• evaluated to determine learning effect of using
  adaptation
• http//www.cs.joensuu.fi/mtuki/www_clce.270296/Br
  usilov.html

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ISIS Tutor with Link Annotation
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ISIS Tutor with Link RemovalAnnotation
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Evaluation of ISIS Tutor (number of steps)
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Evaluation of ISIS Tutor (repetitions)
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Relationship between well-known AHS
ITEM/IP, MSU (1986-1994)
ISIS-Tutor, MSU (1992-1994)
ITEM/PG, MSU (1991-1993)
SQL-Tutor, MSU (1995-1998)
ELM-ART, Trier (1994-1997)
InterBook, CMU (1996-1998)
ELM-ART II, Trier (1997-1998)
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SQL Tutor

• Knowledge-based tutor for the SQL language
• based on constraint-based modeling
• currently deals only with the SELECT statement
• users register with an initial knowledge level
• system suggests problems based on the knowledge
  level (based on which clause select, from, where,
  group by, having or order by the user needs to
  practice
• system was evaluated to find out whether it was
  useful and pleasant to use
• SQL-Tutor is described (and sometimes accessible)
  at http//www.cosc.canterbury.ac.nz/tanja/sql-tu
  t.html

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SQL Tutor, Main Window
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Interbook

• tool for adaptive electronic textbooks
• authoring through Microsoft Word (conversion
  tools)
• domain model concepts and prerequisite
  relationships
• user model overlay model, updated through
  outcome concepts of read pages
• adaptive link annotation
• several additional tools index, glossary, teach
  me
• a good description of Interbook
• http//www7.scu.edu.au/programme/fullpapers/1893/c
  om1893.htm
• Interbook (development) can be tried at the
  following address
• http//136.142.116.98/inter/Welcome.html

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Interbook textbook window
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Interbook Glossary and Concepts
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Authoring for Interbook
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Interbook Evaluation

• Goal to find the value of adaptive annotation
• Electronic textbook about ClarisWorks
• 25 undergraduate teacher education students
• 2 groups with/without adaptive annotation
• Format exploring testing knowledge
• Full action protocol
• Results
• Sequential navigation dominates (continue
  button)
• Adaptive link annotation encourages
  non-sequential navigation
• Most students follow the green links

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Intrigue adaptive tourist guide

• Allows for the planning of a trip
• stereotype user modeling
• allows to plan a trip for a diverse group, for
  instance parents with children
• takes physical disabilities into account, age,
  interests, etc.
• can produce output in html or wml (for mobile
  phone)
• can be tried at
• http//silk.di.unito.it8083/ishtar/intrigue.html
  

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Intrigue recommendation for 2 groups
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Intrigue combined recommendation
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TV Scout Personalized TV Guide

• A cooperation between GMD-IPSI and
• Goal Help users in creating their personal TV
  schedule
• Short-lived data (not a static database)
• Low user effort required to tune the system
• Filtering based on time and genre, information
  provided by the stations
• Users plan only for one day
• TV Scout has a simple and an advanced interface,
  with possibilities for collaborative filtering.

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TV Scout Whats on Tonight?
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TV Scout Setting Preferences

• Preferred genres can be indicated
• Deeper genres are more specific
• Less general than Boolean combinations

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TV Scout Forms and Graphical Interface
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TV Scout Evaluation / Feedback

• Orientation is easy, but undo is missing
• For some users the system is still too complex
  (opening folders, buttons to small for visually
  impaired users)
• People liked the grocery list (forms interface)
• Overall it is useful and easy to use
• High fun-factor!
• Biggest success indicator is repeat visits by
  users

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The ARIA Photo Agent (video)

• Adaptive Linking between Text and Photos
• Text is used for searching as it is typed
• Text is matched with photo descriptions
• keywords, people, place and time
• Database with common sense used
• Adaptive sorting (of photos search results)
• Automatic annotation of selected photos
• Annotation (conceptual descriptions) of photos
  can be manually updated
• Project webpage http//web.media.mit.edu/lieber/
  Lieberary/Aria/Aria-Intro.html

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ARIA Screenshot
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Conclusion

• There is a wide variety of AHS application fields
  and adaptation styles
• However, commonalities exist and should be
  exploitable
• Not many systems have authoring possibility, and
  if they do, it is application-specific

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• Any questions?