The Mass

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The Mass
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The Mass

• Primary service of the Church - communion

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The Mass

• Primary service of the Church communion
• Before the 11th century, one church we know it
  today as the Roman Catholic Church

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The Mass

• Primary service of the Church communion
• Before the 11th century, one church we know it
  today as the Roman Catholic Church
• Most influential institution in the world
  religion, politics, music, arts

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The Mass
Introit A text giving the theme for the day
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The Mass
Introit A text giving the theme for the
day Kyrie Kyrie, Eleison (3x), Christe,
Eleison (3x), Kyrie Eleison (3x)
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The Mass
Introit A text giving the theme for the
day Kyrie Kyrie, Eleison (3x), Christe,
Eleison (3x), Kyrie Eleison (3x) Gloria
Glory to God in the highest, etc.
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The Mass
Introit A text giving the theme for the
day Kyrie Kyrie, Eleison (3x), Christe,
Eleison (3x), Kyrie Eleison (3x) Gloria
Glory to God in the highest, etc. Epistle
Reading from a letter of St. Paul
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The Mass
Introit A text giving the theme for the
day Kyrie Kyrie, Eleison (3x), Christe,
Eleison (3x), Kyrie Eleison (3x) Gloria
Glory to God in the highest, etc. Epistle
Reading from a letter of St. Paul Gradual Text
sung after epistle, before the Alleluia
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The Mass
Introit A text giving the theme for the
day Kyrie Kyrie, Eleison (3x), Christe,
Eleison (3x), Kyrie Eleison (3x) Gloria
Glory to God in the highest, etc. Epistle
Reading from a letter of St. Paul Gradual Text
sung after epistle, before the Alleluia Alleluia
(or Tract) often with verses
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The Mass
Introit A text giving the theme for the
day Kyrie Kyrie, Eleison (3x), Christe,
Eleison (3x), Kyrie Eleison (3x) Gloria
Glory to God in the highest, etc. Epistle
Reading from a letter of St. Paul Gradual Text
sung after epistle, before the Alleluia Alleluia
(or Tract) often with verses Sequence
(optional) A longer text, often for special days
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The Mass
Introit A text giving the theme for the
day Kyrie Kyrie, Eleison (3x), Christe,
Eleison (3x), Kyrie Eleison (3x) Gloria
Glory to God in the highest, etc. Epistle
Reading from a letter of St. Paul Gradual Text
sung after epistle, before the Alleluia Alleluia
(or Tract) often with verses Sequence
(optional) A longer text, often for special
days Gospel Reading from a Gospel
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The Mass
Introit A text giving the theme for the
day Kyrie Kyrie, Eleison (3x), Christe,
Eleison (3x), Kyrie Eleison (3x) Gloria
Glory to God in the highest, etc. Epistle
Reading from a letter of St. Paul Gradual Text
sung after epistle, before the Alleluia Alleluia
(or Tract) often with verses Sequence
(optional) A longer text, often for special
days Gospel Reading from a Gospel Credo The
Creed
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The Mass
Introit A text giving the theme for the
day Kyrie Kyrie, Eleison (3x), Christe,
Eleison (3x), Kyrie Eleison (3x) Gloria
Glory to God in the highest, etc. Epistle
Reading from a letter of St. Paul Gradual Text
sung after epistle, before the Alleluia Alleluia
(or Tract) often with verses Sequence
(optional) A longer text, often for special
days Gospel Reading from a Gospel Credo The
Creed Offertory In preparation for communion
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The Mass
Introit A text giving the theme for the
day Kyrie Kyrie, Eleison (3x), Christe,
Eleison (3x), Kyrie Eleison (3x) Gloria
Glory to God in the highest, etc. Epistle
Reading from a letter of St. Paul Gradual Text
sung after epistle, before the Alleluia Alleluia
(or Tract) often with verses Sequence
(optional) A longer text, often for special
days Gospel Reading from a Gospel Credo The
Creed Offertory In preparation for
communion Sanctus/Benedictus Holy, Holy, Holy
is the Lord, etc.
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The Mass
Introit A text giving the theme for the
day Kyrie Kyrie, Eleison (3x), Christe,
Eleison (3x), Kyrie Eleison (3x) Gloria
Glory to God in the highest, etc. Epistle
Reading from a letter of St. Paul Gradual Text
sung after epistle, before the Alleluia Alleluia
(or Tract) often with verses Sequence
(optional) A longer text, often for special
days Gospel Reading from a Gospel Credo The
Creed Offertory In preparation for
communion Sanctus/Benedictus Holy, Holy, Holy
is the Lord, etc. Agnus Dei Lamb of God
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The Mass
Introit A text giving the theme for the
day Kyrie Kyrie, Eleison (3x), Christe,
Eleison (3x), Kyrie Eleison (3x) Gloria
Glory to God in the highest, etc. Epistle
Reading from a letter of St. Paul Gradual Text
sung after epistle, before the Alleluia Alleluia
(or Tract) often with verses Sequence
(optional) A longer text, often for special
days Gospel Reading from a Gospel Credo The
Creed Offertory In preparation for
communion Sanctus/Benedictus Holy, Holy, Holy
is the Lord, etc. Agnus Dei Lamb of
God Communion a text to accompany communion
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The Mass
Introit A text giving the theme for the
day Kyrie Kyrie, Eleison (3x), Christe,
Eleison (3x), Kyrie Eleison (3x) Gloria
Glory to God in the highest, etc. Epistle
Reading from a letter of St. Paul Gradual Text
sung after epistle, before the Alleluia Alleluia
(or Tract) often with verses Sequence
(optional) A longer text, often for special
days Gospel Reading from a Gospel Credo The
Creed Offertory In preparation for
communion Sanctus/Benedictus Holy, Holy, Holy
is the Lord, etc. Agnus Dei Lamb of
God Communion a text to accompany
communion (Dismissal Ite, missa est The
mass has ended)
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The Mass
Introit A text giving the theme for
the day Kyrie Kyrie, Eleison (3x), Christe,
Eleison (3x), Kyrie Eleison (3x) Gloria
Glory to God in the highest, etc.
Epistle Reading from a letter of St. Paul
Gradual Text sung after epistle, before
the Alleluia Alleluia (or Tract)
often with verses Sequence (optional)
A longer text, often for special days
Gospel Reading from a Gospel Credo The
Creed Offertory In preparation for
communion Sanctus/Benedictus Holy, Holy, Holy
is the Lord, etc. Agnus Dei Lamb of God
Communion a text to accompany communion
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The Ordinary of the Mass
Kyrie Kyrie, Eleison (3x), Christe,
Eleison (3x), Kyrie Eleison (3x) Gloria
Glory to God in the highest, etc. Credo
The Creed Sanctus/Benedictus Holy,
Holy, Holy is the Lord, etc. Agnus Dei Lamb
of God
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The Ordinary of the Mass
Kyrie Gloria Credo Sanctus/Benedictus Agnus
Dei
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The Proper of the Mass
Introit A text giving the theme for
the day Epistle Reading from a
letter of St. Paul Gradual Text sung
after epistle, before the Alleluia
Alleluia (or Tract) often with verses
Sequence (optional) A longer text, often for
special days Gospel Reading from a
Gospel Offertory In preparation for
communion Communion a text to
accompany communion
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The Proper of the Mass
Introit Epistle Gradual Alleluia (or Tract)
Sequence (optional) Gospel Offertory Communion
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So, whats a Requiem, anyway?
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So, whats a Requiem, anyway?

• Mass for the dead

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So, whats a Requiem, anyway?

• Mass for the dead
• Services before a burial and other commemorative
  occasions

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The Mass
Introit A text giving the theme for the
day Kyrie Kyrie, Eleison (3x), Christe,
Eleison (3x), Kyrie Eleison (3x) Gloria
Glory to God in the highest, etc. Epistle
Reading from a letter of St. Paul Gradual Text
sung after epistle, before the Alleluia Alleluia
(or Tract) often with verses Sequence
(optional) A longer text, often for special
days Gospel Reading from a Gospel Credo The
Creed Offertory In preparation for
communion Sanctus/Benedictus Holy, Holy, Holy
is the Lord, etc. Agnus Dei Lamb of
God Communion a text to accompany communion
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The Requiem
Introit A text giving the theme for the
day Kyrie Kyrie, Eleison (3x), Christe,
Eleison (3x), Kyrie Eleison (3x) Gloria
Glory to God in the highest, etc. Epistle
Reading from a letter of St. Paul Gradual Text
sung after epistle, before the Alleluia Alleluia
(or Tract) often with verses Sequence
(optional) A longer text, often for special
days Gospel Reading from a Gospel Credo The
Creed Offertory In preparation for
communion Sanctus/Benedictus Holy, Holy, Holy
is the Lord, etc. Agnus Dei Lamb of
God Communion a text to accompany communion
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The Requiem
Introit A text giving the theme for the
day Kyrie Kyrie, Eleison (3x), Christe,
Eleison (3x), Kyrie Eleison (3x) Epistle
Reading from a letter of St. Paul Gradual Text
sung after epistle, before the Alleluia Sequence
(optional) A longer text, often for special
days Gospel Reading from a Gospel Offertory
In preparation for communion Sanctus/Benedictus
Holy, Holy, Holy is the Lord, etc. Agnus Dei
Lamb of God Communion a text to accompany
communion
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The Requiem
Introit Requiem aeternam eternal rest Kyrie
Kyrie, Eleison (3x), Christe, Eleison (3x),
Kyrie Eleison (3x) Epistle Reading from a
letter of St. Paul Gradual Text sung after
epistle, before the Alleluia Sequence (optional)
A longer text, often for special days Gospel
Reading from a Gospel Offertory In preparation
for communion Sanctus/Benedictus Holy, Holy,
Holy is the Lord, etc. Agnus Dei Lamb of
God Communion a text to accompany communion
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The Requiem
Introit Requiem aeternam eternal rest Kyrie
Kyrie, Eleison (3x), Christe, Eleison (3x),
Kyrie Eleison (3x) Epistle Reading from a
letter of St. Paul Gradual Requiem . . . In
memoriam Sequence (optional) A longer text,
often for special days Gospel Reading from a
Gospel Offertory In preparation for
communion Sanctus/Benedictus Holy, Holy, Holy
is the Lord, etc. Agnus Dei Lamb of
God Communion a text to accompany communion
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The Requiem
Introit Requiem aeternam eternal rest Kyrie
Kyrie, Eleison (3x), Christe, Eleison (3x),
Kyrie Eleison (3x) Epistle Reading from a
letter of St. Paul Gradual Requiem . . . In
memoriam Sequence Dies Irae Day of
wrath Gospel Reading from a Gospel Offertory
In preparation for communion Sanctus/Benedictus
Holy, Holy, Holy is the Lord, etc. Agnus Dei
Lamb of God Communion a text to accompany
communion
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The Requiem
Introit Requiem aeternam eternal rest Kyrie
Kyrie, Eleison (3x), Christe, Eleison (3x),
Kyrie Eleison (3x) Epistle Reading from a
letter of St. Paul Gradual Requiem . . . In
memoriam Sequence Dies Irae Day of
wrath Gospel Reading from a Gospel Offertory
Domine, Jesu Christe . . . Libera
animas Sanctus/Benedictus Holy, Holy, Holy is
the Lord, etc. Agnus Dei Lamb of
God Communion a text to accompany communion
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The Requiem
Introit Requiem aeternam eternal rest Kyrie
Kyrie, Eleison (3x), Christe, Eleison (3x),
Kyrie Eleison (3x) Epistle Reading from a
letter of St. Paul Gradual Requiem . . . In
memoriam Sequence Dies Irae Day of
wrath Gospel Reading from a Gospel Offertory
Domine, Jesu Christe . . . Libera
animas Sanctus/Benedictus Holy, Holy, Holy is
the Lord, etc. Agnus Dei Lamb of God Dona
eis requiem Communion a text to accompany
communion
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The Requiem
Introit Requiem aeternam eternal rest Kyrie
Kyrie, Eleison (3x), Christe, Eleison (3x),
Kyrie Eleison (3x) Epistle Reading from a
letter of St. Paul Gradual Requiem . . . In
memoriam Sequence Dies Irae Day of
wrath Gospel Reading from a Gospel Offertory
Domine, Jesu Christe . . . Libera
animas Sanctus/Benedictus Holy, Holy, Holy is
the Lord, etc. Agnus Dei Lamb of God Dona
eis requiem Communion Lux aeterna
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Can you . . .
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Can you . . .

• Name at least 3 movements of the Proper of the
  Mass?

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Can you . . .

• Name at least 3 movements of the Proper of the
  Mass?
• Name the movements of the Ordinary of the Mass,
  IN ORDER?

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Can you . . .

• Name at least 3 movements of the Proper of the
  Mass?
• Name the movements of the Ordinary of the Mass,
  IN ORDER?
• Name at least 3 ways the Requiem Mass is
  different from a standard Mass?

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Neumes
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Neumes
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Tropes
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Tropes

• The expansion of a chant by

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Tropes

• The expansion of a chant by
• Adding words to an existing melisma

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Tropes

• The expansion of a chant by
• Adding words to an existing melisma
• Adding music to an existing melisma

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Tropes

• The expansion of a chant by
• Adding words to an existing melisma
• Adding music to an existing melisma
• Adding new music and text before, within, or
  after an existing chant

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Guido DArezzo (c. 990-1050)
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Guido DArezzo (c. 990-1050)

• Introduced staff notation

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Guido DArezzo (c. 990-1050)

• Introduced staff notation
• 4-line staff

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Guido DArezzo (c. 990-1050)

• Introduced staff notation
• 4-line staff
• Yellow line for C, red for F

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Guido DArezzo (c. 990-1050)

• Introduced staff notation
• 4-line staff
• Yellow line for C, red for F
• Letters (C, F, G, etc.) later became clefs

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Guido DArezzo (c. 990-1050)
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Guido

• Invented method to teach sight-singing . . .

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The Guidonian Hand!
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Guido

• Invented method to teach sight-singing
• Invented another aid to teach sight singing

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Ut Queant Laxis
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Ut Queant Laxis
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Guido

• Invented method to teach sight-singing
• The Guidonian Hand
• Invented another aid to teach sight singing
• Solmization (Solfege) sight-singing syllables

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Polyphony
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Polyphony

• The first liturgical polyphony was called
  organum

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Polyphony

• The first liturgical polyphony was called
  organum
• (it means organized or planned music)

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Polyphony

• The first liturgical polyphony was called
  organum
• (it means organized or planned music)
• Original chant plus 1-3 parts parallel to the
  original

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Polyphony

• The first liturgical polyphony was called
  organum
• (it means organized or planned music)
• Original chant plus 1-3 parts parallel to the
  original
• Organum was originally improvised

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3 Types of Organum
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3 Types of Organum

• Simple (parallel) (10th c.)

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3 Types of Organum

• Simple (parallel) (10th c.)
• Doubling of the chant at the 4th, 5th, or octave

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3 Types of Organum

• Simple (parallel) (10th c.)
• Doubling of the chant at the 4th, 5th, or octave
• Free (11th c.)

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3 Types of Organum

• Simple (parallel) (10th c.)
• Doubling of the chant at the 4th, 5th, or octave
• Free (11th c.)
• All 4 kinds of motion parallel, similar,
  contrary, and oblique

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3 Types of Organum

• Simple (parallel) (10th c.)
• Doubling of the chant at the 4th, 5th, or octave
• Free (11th c.)
• All 4 kinds of motion parallel, similar,
  contrary, and oblique
• Florid (12th c.)

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3 Types of Organum

• Simple (parallel) (10th c.)
• Doubling of the chant at the 4th, 5th, or octave
• Free (11th c.)
• All 4 kinds of motion parallel, similar,
  contrary, and oblique
• Florid (12th c.)
• MORE than one note of organum for one note of
  chant

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3 Types of Organum

• Simple (parallel) (10th c.)
• Doubling of the chant at the 4th, 5th, or octave
• Free (11th c.)
• All 4 kinds of motion parallel, similar,
  contrary, and oblique
• Florid (12th c.)
• MORE than one note of organum for one note of
  chant
• The Notre Dame school of organum

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The Notre Dame School
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The Notre Dame School
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The Notre Dame School

• 12th to 14th century Paris

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The Notre Dame School

• 12th to 14th century Paris
• Léonin and Pérotin

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The Notre Dame School

• 12th to 14th century Paris
• Léonin and Pérotin
• This time is now referred to as Ars Antiqua
  old art

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The Notre Dame School

• 12th to 14th century Paris
• Léonin and Pérotin
• This time is now referred to as Ars Antiqua
  old art
• Marked the beginning of rhythmic notation