Sustainable Design in Engineering - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

1 / 27
About This Presentation
Title:

Sustainable Design in Engineering

Description:

Sustainable Design in Engineering. ECE 0909.403 - Lecture 7a. DfX: Design for X, where X ... Concept (ship, tunnel - rail, car bridge, aircraft, etc. ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

Number of Views:62
Avg rating:3.0/5.0
Slides: 28
Provided by: mrsdian
Category:

less

Transcript and Presenter's Notes

Title: Sustainable Design in Engineering


1
Sustainable Design in Engineering
  • ECE 0909.403 - Lecture 7a
  • DfX Design for X, where X Environment
    Introducing Life Cycle Assessment
  • 5 March 2002
  • Peter Mark Jansson PP PE MScEng

2
Aims
  • Administration Upcoming Assignments
  • TP 1 Grade Average - 84
  • More on Life Cycle Assessment

3
Admin - Schedule
  • Next Thursday (14 Mar) Mid-Term 3.30
  • 25 of Grade
  • TR 2 due 4 April
  • Final Project Presentations 25 Apr 2 May

4
Admin TR 2 (9)
  • Tech Brief of a Sustainable Design
  • Due Thursday, 4 April, 2002, 330 PM
  • Length (1,450 - 1,850 words)
  • Topic   Detail a product or process that
    represents significant progress toward a
    sustainable design
  • Approach Research a product or process
  • Discuss the benefits/costs you have identified
  • Assess Market potential or present market
    activity
  • Formulate your own views of its significance or
    value and defend
  • Format as an Issue Briefing

5
Sources for TP 2
  • http//www.greenpages.org/
  • http//www.ecomall.com/
  • http//www.sustainableproducts.com/susproddef.html
  • http//www.ecosustainable.com.au/exchange.htm
  • http//www.greenpeople.com/

6
Final Project (30)
  • Select Teams soon (2-3 per team)
  • Select a SD Topic and get approval for scope by
    26 March 2002
  • Sample Projects
  • LCA of a creative/original design
  • Case Study of a Corporation attempting SD
  • Policy Paper on Important SD Issue
  • Cost/Benefit Analysis of an Eco-efficient
    investmetn

7
Final Project Format
  • Team Technical Paper (10)
  • 4 pages maximum (lt4,500 words)
  • 2 column technical paper IEEE format
  • 30 - minute Team Presentation (20)
  • 25 minutes of Slides/Demo etc.
  • 5 minutes QA

8
What is LCA?
  • A life cycle assessment is an environmental
    analysis of a product that includes
  • Goal
  • Scope
  • Inventory
  • Impact assessment
  • Standards ISO 14040

9
Some Definitions
  • Product the device or process that is the
    functional unit defined for purposes of a LCA
  • Product System the lifecycle of the product
    from material extraction, through manufacture,
    use and disposal (including associated
    sidestreams)

10
Goal of an LCA
  • Design of LCA depends upon
  • Application
  • Type of decision it is to support
  • Who wants it done and why?
  • Different applications / different timeframe
  • Environmental labeling
  • Product development

11
Tasks of the Designer
  • Create / develop solution options
  • Prioritize and select from among options
  • Assumes
  • A business opportunity has been recognized and
    goals for the product or service have already
    been established

12
Starting the Design Process
  • Goals for the product create
  • demands on the functions of the product
  • Functions of product (see page 33)
  • general service functions (concept)
  • sub-functions (further analysis of options)
  • structure, components and details

13
Design Solution Space
  • At top level many concepts and options
  • Choices at each level very strongly narrow
    solution space within which decisions can be made
    (see Figure 5.2, page 34)
  • Choices at general level have environmental
    significance AND choices at the underlying levels
    can be important as well

14
Design Process Elements
  • Idea (broad business concept, some goals, etc.)
  • Analysis (general comparison of concepts and
    options)
  • Specification (selection of general service
    functions and goals)
  • Concept (specifying concepts that satisfy
    functions and goals)
  • Details (selection of structures, components from
    many options)
  • Establishment (selection of final details and
    manufacture)

15
Design Process Example
  • Idea (sustainable transport, profitability,
    vertical integration, etc.)
  • Analysis (air, water, land, auto, rail, people,
    bulk, etc.)
  • Specification (transporting people, vehicles and
    goods across the Sound in a profitable 10
    r.o.r. and sustainable way )
  • Concept (ship, tunnel - rail, car bridge,
    aircraft, etc.)
  • Details (selection of structures masts, sails,
    materials, etc.)
  • Establishment (selection of final details and
    manufacture)

16
Design Process Impacts on LCA
  • Early Support of Designers Decisions
  • Since key environmental decisions are made in the
    early phases of product development, key options
    must be identified early in the process reference
    products in EDIP enable this to be supported
  • Level of Detail Suited to Purpose
  • Actual product system is not known during product
    development (i.e., the products system processes
    and usage can not be determined until its
    operation phase which is after establishment)
  • Therefore a probabilistic treatment in product
    development equate to potentials in environmental
    assessment

17
Design for Environment
  • Environmental considerations should be handled
    identically to other design considerations
  • D f Cost
  • D f Quality
  • D f Feasibility of Manufacture
  • D f Style
  • Environmental considerations should not enjoy any
    special status or to displace / overshadow other
    considerations
  • If D f Cost is lost, product will not be
    competitive
  • D f Quality is lost, people will not buy the
    product again
  • D f Feasibility of Manufacture, it must be easily
    constructed
  • D f Style is lost, attractiveness and purchases
    will suffer

18
Tasks of Designer
  • Focusing identify what is most significant,
    which categories will most directly affect the
    overall environmental impacts of product
  • Specification determining targets for the new
    product, assessing the focus areas identified
    above ranking them and setting environmental
    objectives
  • Synthesis creating the product, including the
    product system. Creating an attractive product
    lifecycle, adapting the product to the systems
    with which it will interact (and, where possible,
    vice-versa)
  • Verification ensuring the product and system
    complies with all environmental objectives

19
Focusing
  • Environmental assessment of references to
    establish a basic environmental knowledge of the
    product system which can be expected for the new
    product
  • Environmental Diagnosis designate points of
    focus for the new product which the references
    point out as problematic, to localize where in
    the product these problems reside

20
Environmental Assessment of References
  • LCA Key queries-
  • What is the service provided by product (what is
    functional unit)?
  • Which processes are caused by this service (what
    is in product system)?
  • How is product system delimited (which processes
    are essential)?
  • Which environmental exchanges are attributable
    this product?
  • What are impacts of these exchanges?
  • How large are the contributions?
  • Which impact potentials are most significant
    (MECO)?
  • What are sources of most significant impact
    potentials?
  • What are the knowledge gaps and what are most
    significant uncertainties?

21
MECO
  • Materials
  • Materials consumption
  • Processes
  • Energy thermal and electric
  • Chemicals ancillary and substances
  • Others overhead and misc.

22
Environmental Diagnosis
  • LCA Key Queries-
  • Which Changes to the reference product or its
    product system will have significant
    environmental consequences?
  • Simulate theoretical changes and assess
  • Simulate known alternatives and assess
  • Where in the reference product do the
    environmental improvement potentials reside?
  • Which alternative design solutions could be
    found?
  • Where in the product (or surroundings) are the
    environmental improvement potentials most
    profound?

23
Environmental Specification
  • LCA Key Queries-
  • What is the environmental competitive framework?
  • What is the customers perception of the
    products environmental characteristics, and how
    do they rank them compared to other qualities?
  • What is the environmental focus of the
    competitors?
  • How do we assure validity of answers above during
    life?
  • Which parameters have to be specified and what is
    ES?
  • How are companys environmental policy and l-t
    goals for the product included in the
    specification?
  • How are environmental considerations weighted
    against other considerations in the total
    commercial business optimization?

24
Environmental Assessment / Synthesis
  • Creation and analysis of Key Concepts
  • Assess product concepts early in product
    development process
  • Creation and analysis of Details
  • Assess detailed solutions early in process

25
Creating / Analyzing Key Concepts
  • LCA Key Queries-
  • What differences from Reference Product can be
    expected in the solutions for the chosen product
    concept, how great are they, and how broad is the
    solution expected to be?
  • Within which of two alternative concepts can the
    most environmentally attractive solutions be
    found?
  • Is it possible within the concept to find
    solutions which can be expected to comply with
    the environmental specifications?

26
Creating / Analyzing Details
  • LCA Key Queries-
  • What environmental differences does the solution
    present compared to the reference product and how
    great are they?
  • Which of two alternative design solutions is more
    environmentally attractive?
  • Does the solutions comply with the environmental
    specification for the product?

27
(No Transcript)
Write a Comment
User Comments (0)
About PowerShow.com