Unit10 The Second World War

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Unit10 The Second World War The Affluent
Society Honors US AMDG
Normandy Invasion, June 1944
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Hitler,1936 Nuremburg Rally

• I). The Road to War
• A). Causes / Losses / Outcomes (Introduction)
• 1). Causes
• 1). Treaty of Versailles
• Humiliation of Germany
• Reparations / Debt Structure the Depression
• 2). Rise of Totalitarian Governments ?
• Nazi Germany, Soviet Russia Militarized Japan
• Characterized by Expansionist Policies Strict
  Domestic Rule
• 3). Appeasement
• Lack of Allied Efforts to Check Nazi Expansion
  in the 1930s ?
• 1936 Rhineland, Role in the 1937 Spanish Civil
  War, 1938 Anschluss Sudetenland, 1939 Western
  Czechoslovakia.

Rape of Nanking
Allied B-17s Over Germany, 1944
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• 2). Casualties of WWII
• Total Losses ?
• 72 Million Killed (Civilian Military)
• 12 Million Displaced
• Losses by Nation ?
• Russia 23,200,000
• Germany 7,500,000
• Japan 2,600,000
• France 562,000
• United Kingdom 450,000
• United States 300,000

Hiroshima Victim, August 1945
Polish Victim of Nazi Occupation, 1941
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Holocaust Victims, Nordhausen Germany

• 3). Effects of the War
• 1). Shocking Incidents of Holocaust ?
• 1930s Soviet Purges
• 1937-38 Rape of Nanking
• The Holocaust 1933-45
• 2). The Cold War
• European Economic Collapse
• Soviet Expansion
• Containment
• Mutually Assured Destruction
• Wars by Proxy
• 3). New World Order
• The United Nations
• Self-Determination for Colonies
• Western Europe Subservient to Super Powers

1948 War for Israeli Independence
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Soviet Propaganda, 1940s

• B). Totalitarianism
• Introduction - Shared Characteristics ?
• 1). Real / Perceived Nationalism
• 2). Propaganda the Mass Media
• 3). Repression of Dissidents
• 4). Expansionism
• 5). Government Run Economy (to various degrees)
  
• 1). Fascism
• Definition ?
• A political ideology in which people are
  organized by a charismatic leader under an
  extreme nationalistic cause.
• Characteristics ?
• 1. Extreme Nationalism

Nazi Propaganda, Early 1930s
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Mussolini, 1922
Roman Fasces

• Examples ?
• Mussolinis Dictatorship in Italy, 1922-45
• Gen. Francisco Franco in Spain, 1939-75
• Adolf Hitler the German 3rd Reich, 1933-45
• ?
• Building the Third Reich
• Adolf Hitler Biographical Information
• Rise to Power
• Weimar Republic the Beer Hall Putsch
• Mein Kampf
• Popularity the Depression
• Chancellor, 1933
• Dictatorship
• 1933 Enabling Act
• 1934 Nazi Labor Front
• Night of Long Knives, 1934
• Restrictions on Jewish Communities, 1935-38

Picassos Guernica, 1937
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Nazi Expansion, 1938

• 1930s Nazi Expansion Militarization
• 1933 Withdrawl from League of Nations
• 1934 General Military Draft
• 1935 Re-Armament of Military
• 1936 Mobilization into the Rhineland
• 1937 Support of Fascism in Spain
• 1938 Annexation of Austria/Sudutenland
• 1939 Pact w/ Soviets / Invasion of Poland
• 2). Soviet Communism
• Definition ?
• In theory
• A dictatorship wherein the proletariat
  (workers) controlled the Russian state.
• In actuality
• The Soviet partys dictatorship over the
  Russian state.

Cult of Personality Joseph Stalin
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Major Soviets Killed by Stalin

• Rise of Joseph Stalin
• Background
• Role in Bolshevik Revolution / Civil War
• 1924-28 Power Struggle vs. Trotsky
• 5-Year Plans
• Late 1930s Red Army / Soviet Party Purge
• 1939 Nazi-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact ?
• Building Soviet Influence in Eastern Europe
• 3). Militant Japan
• Definition?
• Although Japan was a constitutional monarchy in
  name, the military controlled Japan from
  1931-1945 with a nationalist dictatorship.
• Characteristics?
• 1). Military Culture
• 2). Expansionism Industrialization
• 3). Anti-Western Rhetoric
• 4). Fascist-Like Economy (Zaihatsu)

New Order of East Asia
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Japanese Troops in Manchuria, 1931

• C). US Foreign Policy 1930-1941
• 1). Hoover
• Isolationism 1919-1931
• Hoovers Goodwill Tour of Latin America, 1929
• The Stimson Doctrine, 1931
• 2). FDR
• Good Neighbor Policy, 1933
• Recognition of the USSR, 1933
• Reciprocal Trade Agreements, 1934
• 3). From Neutrality to War 1935-1941
• a). Isolationism ?
• America 1st Committee
• Neutrality Acts, 1935, 36, 37
• Axis Aggression Appeasement

Lindbergh the America First Committee
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July 1, 1940 FDR the Selective Service Act

• b). General Steps Towards War ?
• 1937, Failure of FDRs Quarantine Program
• 1938, Preparedness Funding
• 1940, Selective Service Act
• Election of 1940
• c). Preparation by Theater ?
• Europe
• Cash and Carry Policy, 1939
• Destroyers for Bases, 1940
• Lend-Lease Program, 1941
• The Atlantic Charter, 1941
• Japan
• 1940 Japan Joins Axis, US Steel Embargo
• 1941 Invasion of Indochina, US Oil Embargo
  Freezing Japans Assets in US
• December 7, 1941 Pearl Harbor

Lend-Lease in Action
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• II). The Second World War
• A). The Home Front
• 1). Industrial Mobilization
• The War Production Board
• Office of Price Administration
• Smith Connolly Anti-Strike Act
• 2). Economic Mobilization
• Economic Expansion
• Sale of Liberty Bonds
• Post-War Boom
• Office of War Information
• 3). Demographics
• Women
• African Americans
• Mexican Americans

B-17 Production Facility, Willow Run, Michigan
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Nazi Europe, 1940

• B). European Theater
• 1). Events Leading to War - 1939
• Munich Conference, Sept. 1938
• March 1939 Nazi Seizure of Czech
• August 1939 Nazi-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact
• Sept. 1, 1939, Nazi Invasion of Poland
  (Blitzkrieg)
• 2). Nazi Success 1939-42
• 1940 Fall of France / Vichy France
• 40/41 Success of the Afrika Corps
• 1940 Battle of Britain (American Assistance to
  GB)
• 39-43 U-Boat Warfare Die Glückliche Zeit
• 1941 Operation Barbarossa
• 3). Allied Victory 1942-45
• Allied Bombing Campaigns
• Pivotal Battles El Alamein Stalingrad
• 1943-45 Defeat of the Kriegsmarine

Nazi Circumvention of the Maginot Line
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Operation Husky Allied Invasion of Sicily /
Italy
Battle of the Bulge
Fall of Berlin, April 1945
Operation Overlord Allied Invasion of Vichy
France
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Allied Island Hopping

• C). Pacific Theater
• 1). Events Leading to War 1937-1941
• Souring Relations w/ the US China / Indochina
• US Oil Embargo / Freezing Japanese Assets
• Pearl Harbor 12/7/1941
• Immediate Japanese Expansion
• Hong Kong, Singapore, Indonesia, Philippines,
  American Islands
• 2). Turning the Tide 1942-1945
• Doolittle Raid, April 1942
• Coral Sea, May 1942
• Midway, June 1942
• Island Hopping ?
• Guadalcanal, August 1942 February 43
• Leyte Gulf, October 1944
• Iwo Jima, February 1945
• Firebombing of Tokyo, March 1945
• Okinawa, June 1945

Bataan Death March, April 1942
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Hiroshima Blast Zone

• 3). Hiroshima, Nagasaki, the End of the War
• The Manhattan Project ?
• General Characteristics
• Testing Alamogordo, NM
• Potential Bomb Sites / Rationale
• Hiroshima / Nagasaki Casualties
• Formal Surrender, September 1945

Formal Japanese Surrender, September 2, 1945
Hiroshima Victim
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• III). America the Cold War
• A). Aftermath of the Second World War
• 1). Wartime Conferences
• Tehran, 1943
• Yalta, February 1945
• Potsdam, July 1945
• 2). Development of Cold War Tensions
• Stalinization
• Creation of the Soviet Satellites
• Soviet Militarization
• Soviet Influence in Asia
• Soviet Refusal of W. Aid
• 3). Conflict Characteristics
• High Military Expenditures
• Wars by Proxy

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• B). American Cold War Policy 1946-1965
• 1). The Iron Curtain
• United Nations Ideology / Frustrations
• Creation of the Soviet Bloc
• George Kennans Containment Plan
• 2). Containment in Action
• 1947 Truman Doctrine ?
• US Aid to Stifle Growth of Communism
• Soviet Threats in Mediterranean / Black Seas
• 400 Million in US Aid to Greece / Turkey
• Marshall Plan ?
• Expanded Truman Doctrine For Europe
• Multibillion Aid Program for ALL European
  Nations
• The Berlin Airlift the Two Germanies

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The Korean War

• 3). Cold War Conflicts
• a). Korean War
• Post-War Division of Korea _at_ the 38th Parallel
• June 1950 Northern Invasion of the South
• MacArthurs Invasion _at_ Inchon (Sept, 1950)
• Chinese Involvement (Nov, 1950)
• 1951-1953 Stalemate at the 38th Parallel
• b). Vietnam War
• France Struggles to Reclaim Colony 1945-54
• Dien Bien Phu Crisis, 1954
• ?US Support of Southern Diem Regime 1955-63
• 1964-69 5k US Troops to 550K
• Role of Cambodia
• US Withdraw 1975
• c). Crusades Against Communism
• Arab-Israeli Wars 1948-1973

Ho Chi Minh Trail
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Election of 1948

• C). The Affluent Society Post-War America
• 1). Economic Prosperity
• The GI Bill
• The Baby Boom 1945-1960
• Suburban Growth
• Rise of the Sunbelt
• 1956 Highway Act
• Popular Culture Its Critics
• The Other America
• 2). Domestic Politics
• Truman vs. Republican Congress
• Taft Hartley Act (1947)
• Election of 1948
• Fair Deal (1949)
• 22nd Amendment (1951)
• The Second Red Scare
• Loyalty Review Board, Smith Act, McCarran Act
  HUAC

Eisenhower Interstate System
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• 3). The Civil Rights Movement
• Committee on Civil Rights (1946)
• 1948 Desegregation of the Federal Government
• Armed Forces
• Cold War Urges for Equal Civil Rights
• NAACP the Plessy vs. Ferguson Decision
• Brown vs. the Board of Education of Topeka, KS
  1954
• Southern Resistance Little Rock Central High
  School
• Montgomery Bus Boycott, 1955
• Martin Luther King