Simulator Status, FAA WJ Hughes Technical Center

1
Simulator Status,FAA WJ Hughes Technical Center

• Completed since the April 1999, Seattle meeting
• Simulator Inlet
• A 22 foot long, 22 inch diameter inlet duct has
  been installed to feed the blower
• Transducer to measure airflow installed
• hot wire anemometer in duct center line
• treat inlet flow as "classic" parabolic
  distribution and derate velocity by 10 to
  determine mass flow rates
• calibration curve still being worked out
• Air flow heating
• core heating assembly installed
• in-line duct heaters are wired
• locked out, not serviceable
• incorrect part installed replacement expected
  within the week
• On-going
• hot plates
• ALL hot plate materials on-site
• assembly for plate 1 completed this week
• plate 2 expected by the end of October
• will require testing exterior to the simulator
  prior to placement (control software and final
  assembly validation)
• dry ice looking to produce on-site

2
High Bypass Ratio Turbofan Simulator - Core
Heating Impact on ByPass Air Flow
3
HFC-125 Distribution Comparison, Simulator
Environment, 30Jul99
HFC-125 Distribution Comparison, Average
Distribution Comparisons, 30Jul99
4
HFC-125 - h125.99.730.05.ambient.c
Bottle volume 600 in3 Agent
weight 5.44 lbf Agent storage
pressure 650 psig Agent storage temp 200
F Air flow temp 92F Air flow
4.3 lbm/s
HFC-125 - h125.99.730.02.hot.c
Bottle volume 600 in3 Agent
weight 5.44 lbf Agent storage
pressure 650 psig Agent storage temp 200
F Air flow temp 215F Air flow
3.5 lbm/s
5
Simulating the Distribution of Halon 1301 in an
Aircraft Engine Nacelle with HFC-125

• 1994-1995. Actions sought to minimize the release
  of Halon 1301 unnecessarily
• DoD (U.S. Navy) sponsors work through the
  National Institute of Standards and Technology
  (NIST) to develop or discover a simulant for
  Halon 1301 for use in nacelle discharge testing
• The cumulative effort also involves Boeing,
  Walter Kidde Aerospace (WKA), and Shorts
  Brothers, PLC
• NIST reviewed existing material data bases for
  materials having
• characteristics commensurate with the application
  of nacelle discharge testing
• characteristics comparable to Halon 1301 during
  discharge in this application
• Jakob number
• Saturated vapor pressure
• Experimental history
• Atmospheric lifetime (ODP and ALT)
• 3 candidates selected
• CHClF2
• SF6
• C2HF5 (HFC-125, pentafluoroethane)

6
Simulating the Distribution of Halon 1301 in an
Aircraft Engine Nacelle with HFC-125

• Field Work
• NIST
• USN, WKA on the F-18
• Boeing on the Pratt and Whitney PW 4084 on the
  B777 airframe
• Shorts Brothers, PLC on the Allied Signal
  TFE731-40 on the IAI Astra SPX airframe
• Conclusions
• HFC-125 most effectively simulates a Halon 1301
  discharge in these applications
• US military specification Mil-E-22285 edited to
  reflect such procedures
• Additional field work, April 1998.
• FAA personnel assisting USN on agent distribution
  within the F-18 nacelle
• As courtesy to the FAA, a simulant test pair is
  run
• Results reflect previous results
• Historical review indicates overdesign far
  outweighs the delta found between agents in the
  simulation
• FAA publishes technical note on the concept
• Qualitative discussion regarding limitations
• the simulation appears to be sensitive to the
  ventilation rate of the compartment compare
  cargo and nacelle environments (forced vs.
  natural/gravitationally driven ventilation)
• recent work at the FAATC indicates agent
  temperature likely plays a role in the
  simulation effectiveness

7
Simulating the Distribution of Halon 1301 in an
Aircraft Engine Nacelle with HFC-125

• Procedures.
• Agent Storage
• Calculate/determine required weight of Halon 1301
  for application
• multiply desired Halon 1301 weight by 0.77 to
  determine the required weight of HFC-125 for the
  simulation
• load and superpresurize with N2 as would be done
  for the design Halon 1301 bottle
• cold soak the bottle
• perform test
• Halonyzer operation
• the analyzer is configured for HFC-125
• capture the simulant test with the HFC-125
  calibration curve as the analyzer reference
• compare results to the certification criteria of
  Halon 1301
• determine success or failure
• NOTE This procedure is not intended to provide
  a method to determine a weight of HFC-125 for
  fire suppression purposes. This process
  delineates a method to use HFC-125 in a manner
  which would reasonably simulate the discharge of
  Halon 1301 in an aircraft engine nacelle from a
  gaseous distribution perspective.

8
Simulating the Distribution of Halon 1301 in an
Aircraft Engine Nacelle with HFC-125

• References.
• Kaufmann, K. J., Miller, M. P., Wozniak, G., and
  Mitchell, M.D., 1995, "Results of Halon 1301 and
  HFC-125 Concentration Tests on a Large Commercial
  Aircraft Engine Installation," International
  Halon Replacement Working Group Minutes, United
  States Department of Transportation, Federal
  Aviation Administration, W.J. Hughes Technical
  Center, Atlantic City, NJ.
• Ingerson, D. A., "Simulating the Distribution of
  Halon 1301 in an Aircraft Engine Nacelle with
  HFC-125," DOT/FAA/AR-TN99/64, United States
  Department of Transportation, Federal Aviation
  Administration, W.J. Hughes Technical Center,
  Atlantic City International Airport, NJ.
• Military Specification MIL-E-22285(AS), Amendment
  3, 1996, "Extinguishing System, Fire, Aircraft,
  High-Rate-Discharge Type. Installation and Test
  of," United States Department of Defense,
  Department of the Navy, Naval Air Systems
  Command, Washington, D.C.
• Mitchell, M. D., 1994, "Methodology for Halon
  1301 Simulant Testing and Concentration
  Equivalence Verification," Report No. R-5102,
  Kidde Technologies, Wilson, NC.
• Mitchell, M. D., 1995, "Full Scale Halon Simulant
  Testing of F-18D Aircraft Using
  Bromotrifluoromethane and Pentafluoroethane,"
  Report No. R-5127, Kidde Technologies, Wilson,
  NC.
• Riordan, D., 1995, "Engine Fire Extinguisher
  Agent Concentration Testing," International Halon
  Replacement Working Group Minutes, United States
  Department of Transportation, Federal Aviation
  Administration, W.J. Hughes Technical Center,
  Atlantic City, NJ.
• Womeldorf, C. A., Grosshandler, W. L., 1995,
  "Selection of a CF3Br Simulant for Use in Engine
  Nacelle Certification Tests," Fire Suppression
  System Performance of Alternative Agents in
  Aircraft Engine and Dry Bay Laboratory
  Simulations, SP890, Vol. 2, p.591-621, National
  Institutes of Standards and Technology,
  Gaithersburg, MD.

9
Simulating the Distribution of Halon 1301 in an
Aircraft Engine Nacelle with HFC-125, Historical
Example of Overdesign
Lockheed C-140 Jet Star Concentration Profile at
N1 78 (Sommers, 1970, p. 34)
10
Simulating the Distribution of Halon 1301 in an
Aircraft Engine Nacelle with HFC-125, Historical
Example of Overdesign
General Dynamics F/EF-111 Agent Concentration
Profile for Test 1301-8 (Chamberlain and Boris,
1988, p.57)
11
Halon 1301 - h1301.99.923.01.c
Bottle volume 600 in3 Agent
weight 7.59 lbf Agent storage
pressure 400 psig Agent storage temp 100
F Air flow temp 71F Air flow
2.3 lbm/s
HFC-125 - h125.99.927.01.c
Bottle volume 600 in3 Agent
weight 5.89 lbf Agent storage
pressure 400 psig Agent storage temp 100
F Air flow temp 75F Air flow
2.3 lbm/s
12
Halon 1301 - h1301.99.930.02.c
HFC-125 - h125.99.930.03.c
13
Halon 1301 - h1301.99.a07.01.c
Bottle volume 300 in3 Agent
weight 4.25 lbf Agent storage
pressure 400 psig Agent storage temp 100
F Air flow temp 63F Air flow
2.3 lbm/s
HFC-125 - h125.99.a07.02.c
Bottle volume 300 in3 Agent
weight 3.28 lbf Agent storage
pressure 400 psig Agent storage temp 100
F Air flow temp 64F Air flow
2.3 lbm/s
14
Halon 1301 - h1301.99.a07.04.c
Bottle volume 300 in3 Agent
weight 4.40 lbf Agent storage
pressure 400 psig Agent storage temp 100
F Air flow temp 64F Air flow
2.3 lbm/s
HFC-125 - h125.99.a07.03.c
Bottle volume 300 in3 Agent
weight 3.39 lbf Agent storage
pressure 400 psig Agent storage temp 100
F Air flow temp 64F Air flow
2.3 lbm/s
15
Halon 1301 - h1301.99.a06.04.c
Bottle volume 300 in3 Agent
weight 4.00 lbf Agent storage
pressure 400 psig Agent storage temp 100
F Air flow temp 70F Air flow
2.3 lbm/s
HFC-125 - h125.99.a06.02.c
Bottle volume 300 in3 Agent
weight 3.08 lbf Agent storage
pressure 400 psig Agent storage temp 100
F Air flow temp 70F Air flow
2.3 lbm/s
16
HFC-125 - h125.99.a06.01.c
Bottle volume 300 in3 Agent
weight 3.08 lbf Agent storage
pressure 400 psig Agent storage temp 100
F Air flow temp 66F Air flow
2.3 lbm/s
HFC-125 - h125.99.a06.03.c
Bottle volume 300 in3 Agent
weight 3.08 lbf Agent storage
pressure 400 psig Agent storage temp 100
F Air flow temp 70F Air flow
2.3 lbm/s