Title: CREATIVE CITIES AND THE CULTURAL ECONOMY LES VILLES CREATIVES ET LECONOMIE CULTURELLE
1CREATIVE CITIES AND THE CULTURAL ECONOMYLES
VILLES CREATIVES ET LECONOMIE CULTURELLE
- Allen J. Scott,
- University of California,
- Los Angeles
2STRUCTURES DE PRODUCTION ET LES FORMES URBAINES
- 1. Le système de la fabrique (19e siècle) la
ville classique manufacturière - 2. La production Fordiste de masse (années 20
jusquaux années 70) La grande métropole
industrielle - 3. Le post-fordisme, la nouvelle économie, le
capitalisme cognitif-culturel La ville
créative/créatrice.
3THE COGNITIVE-CULTURAL ECONOMY
- DEROUTINIZATION OF LABOR PROCESSES New division
of labor Levy and Murnane (2004) - 1. Digital technologies
- 2. High levels of scientific/technical labor
- 3. Human intermediation of services
- 4. Symbolic outputs
- 5. Aestheticization of commodities
- 6. Engels law
4Specific forms of cognitive-cultural production
and work
- Neoliberal technomanagement
- Innovation-oriented production
- Privatized provision of information/services
- Naturalization of socially-useful aptitudes (e.g.
in educational institutions, the media) - Commodification of experiences
5Plus
- Deroutinized low-wage work
- Small-batch assembly
- Machine operation (e.g. sewing machine, vehicle)
- Security and maintenance
- Hotel and restaurant trades
- Janitorial work
- Childcare
- Widening divide
6Attempts to map out social stratification in the
new economy
- Bell Post-industrial society
- Gouldner The new class
- Reich Symbolic workers in the information
economy - Sklair Transnational capitalist class
- Castells Network society
- Florida The creative class
7(Flawed?) theorizations of the cognitive-cultural
order
- Managerial discourse flexibility, fast
capitalism, human capital, empathy, creativity,
adaptability, etc. - Urban policy discourse consumer city (Glaeser),
entertainment machine (Clark), creative city
(Florida, Landry).
8- TOWARD -- AND BEYOND THE
- CREATIVE CITY
- VERS ET AU DELA -- DE LA VILLE CREATIVE
9Driving forces of urban growth in the era of the
cognitive-cultural economy
- Networks of specialized but complementary
producers - Local labor markets skills, socialization
- The creative field learning and innovation, i.e.
creativity is always mobilized in concrete ways
(textiles industry, car industry, film industry) - Regional institutions and social infrastructures
of the creative economy from protection of
intellectual property rights (e.g. aoc) to social
networking
10Regional convergence is a locational strategy by
means of which producers and workers transform
latent benefits into concrete competitive
advantages
- Increasing returns to scale
- Agglomeration economies
- Monopoly powers of place (product differentiation
and branding Chamberlinian competition)
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12Locations of motion picture production companies
and studios in Vancouver.
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14A new balance between work, life, and leisure in
the city
- Interpenetration of upgraded production space and
gentrified social space - Proliferation of cultural/entertainment
facilities (Clark Entertainment machine) - City of the spectacle
- Iconic architecture and recycling of the built
environment Bilbao Guggenheim,
Westergasfabriek, Petronas Towers, London
Docklands.
15The Florida formula for achieving the creative
city
- Attract the creative class by
- Investing in amenities
- Encouraging tolerance, openness and diversity
16BUT ----
- The complex production machinery of the city
- The spiral of cumulative of causation in city
growth - The privileged role of productive activity in the
spiral of interdependencies - Research shows that qualified workers are
attracted by job opportunities not amenities.
17THE POLICY PROBLEM
- Bottom up
- Harvest external economies (networks, labor
markets, innovation) - Sustain milieu
- Institution-building in the interests of regional
coordination internalizing externalities
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19Functional classification of industrial districts
based on cultural products
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21The dark side of the dialectic
- Sweatshops
- Underclass
- Immigrant, often undocumented, labor
- Social segmentation
- Widening divide
22- The decline of community
- The withdrawal of public services
- The retreat of the public sphere
23Beyond the creative city and the creative class
tasks ahead
- From the neoliberal city to the social democratic
city - i.e. Prosperity and growth, PLUS
citizenship,solidarity, sociability, political
community - From the creative city of possessive
individualism and consumer capitalism toward the
convivial city