Welcome to the Civil War

1
Welcome to the Civil War

• The bloodiest war in American History!
• More Americans died in this war than in ALL of
  our other wars combined!

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We hold these truths to be self-evident, that
all men are created equal and are endowed by
their creator with certain unalienable rights,
that among these are life, liberty and the
pursuit of happiness. That to secure these
rights, governments are instituted to among men

• Where does this quote come from?

• Is this the mission of the US?

• Had we achieved this goal by 1860?

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The question todayWhat kick started this
conflict?
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The answer is Sectionalism

• What is sectionalism?
• -placing the interests of a region above the
  interest of the whole.
• Why did it emerge?
• -because the North and South became very
  different places as time progressed

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How does the geography differ?What are the
effects of different geography?
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The North

• More Urban
• More Factories
• More railroads
• More immigrants
• More people

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The South

• More Rural
• Few Factories
• Based on Agriculture especially cash crop
• Originally tobacco and then cotton
• There was a need for field labor
• See the Southern Civilization Activity

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Slavery was a main cause of sectionalism

• Slaves 1st Brought over in 1619 by the Dutch
• There were many slaves in the North
• Gradually, the North went away from it and the
  South was moving away from it.

• Remember these key points
• During the Constitutional convention slavery came
  up but they had the 3/5s compromise and agreed
  not to discuss slavery
• If the North would have forced abolition, the
  South probably would not have joined the Union in
  the 1st place!

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While the North and South were starting to become
more alike, an invention changed everything!

• Eli Whitney Invented the cotton gin (short for
  engine) in 1793
• Cotton was not profitable before

Before the cotton gin 1
worker1pound of cotton /day After cotton gin
1 worker10 pounds of
cotton/day
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Cotton production increased

• While the North was experiencing the beginning of
  the Industrial Revolution, the South became more
  and more dependent on Slavery as cotton prices
  skyrocketed

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The amount of slaves grew rapidly
Rather than moving away from slavery, the South
became more dependent on it.

• The fact that cotton could now be produced to
  make a profit led more and more people to depend
  on slaves

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True or False

• 7 out of 10 people in the South owned 0 slaves.

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TRUE!!!

• Percentage of Southern White Families Owning
  Slaves in 1860

About 1,150,000 Families owned no slaves
Number of slaves owned
14
Then why did so many people support slavery?

• It was known as the peculiar institution. People
  didnt necessarily want it or love it, but they
  depended on it for their economy

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William Ellison

• Was a freed slave of partial white ancestry who
  lived in South Carolina
• Owned a thriving business
• Owned an 800 acre plantation
• Owned 60 slaves
• He even sold his slave babies because they were
  not profitable

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How did people justify slavery?

• People said that African-Americans were better
  off
• The negro is improvident will not lay up in
  summer for the wants of winter will not
  accumulate in youth for the exigencies of age. He
  would become an insufferable burden to society.
  Society has the right to prevent this, and can
  only do so by subjecting him to domestic
  slaverythe negro race is inferior to the white
  race, and living in their midst, they would be
  far outstripped or outwitted in the chaos of free
  competition. Gradual but certain extermination
  would be their fate. We presume the maddest
  abolitionist does not think the negro's
  providence of habits and money-making capacity at
  all to compare to those of the whites. This
  defect of character would alone justify enslaving
  him, if he is to remain here. In Africa or the
  West Indies, he would become idolatrous, savage
  and cannibal, or be devoured by savages and
  cannibals. At the North he would freeze or
  starve.
• George Fitzhugh

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Were slaves taken care of?

• Which was it better to be, a poor immigrant in
  the North or a Slave in the South?

T-Total Food Consumption M-Meat P-Potatoes G-Grain
NS Clip
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Then why did slaves fight slavery?

• Many slaves ran away from slavery on the
  Underground Railroad
• Most slaves fought slavery in subtle ways
• http//www.nationalgeographic.com/features/99/rail
  road/j1.html

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People in the North started to change their views
of slavery

• People wanted to turn back to God and do good
  things so there were many reform movements
• Anti-Alcohol, Education Reform, and
  Abolition!!
• William Lloyd Garrison was a leader
• Who started an abolitionist newspaper

NS Clip
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Frederick Douglass was also an important
abolitionist

• As the abolitionist movement grew, more and more
  Southerners feared for their way of life.

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Then, in 1852, a book came out!
People began seeing slavery as morally wrongthe
Queen of England wept!!!
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With the increase in the influence of the
abolitionists, people began to view slavery as
morally wrong and want to abolish it.

• If you owned slaves in the South, how would you
  begin to feel?

Sectionalism was getting worse as the 1800s
progressed.
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Fear for their way of life emerged as America
expanded. Problems arose over the question of
slavery

• Mexico is the forbidden fruit, if we eat it, our
  political institutions will die.
• John C. Calhoun
• Will the new territories be slave or free?
• Why would people back East care about new states?
• The 1st time this came up was with Missouri in
  1820.

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Problems with expansion of USA
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These compromises were quick fixes

• didnt solve the issue of slavery
• although many in the north said they would allow
  slavery to stay in the South, they would not
  allow it in the new land. Therefore more
  tension!!!

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Certain events served to increase the tension and
detract from the compromises

• Wilmot Proviso
• Uncle Toms Cabin
• Underground Railroad
• Bleeding Kansas
• Dred Scott Decision
• Harpers Ferry
• Election of Lincoln

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So, was it just slavery?

• These events all had to do with slavery, so was
  slavery the cause?
• No, it was about states rights
• Tariff of Abominations and the Nullification
  crisis had nothing to do with slavery