ALTERNATIVE AUTOMOTIVE AEROSOL PRODUCTS

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ALTERNATIVE AUTOMOTIVE AEROSOL PRODUCTS
Katy Wolf Ph.D. Institute for Research
and Technical Assistance
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HISTORY OF ISSUE

• IRTA WORKED ON EPA PROJECT TO DEVELOP WATER-BASED
  CLEANERS FOR PARTS CLEANING IN AUTO REPAIR
  FACILITIES
• SCAQMD PASSED REGULATION REQUIRING REPAIR AND
  MAINTENANCE CLEANERS TO HAVE VOC CONTENT OF 50
  GRAMS PER LITER OR LESS
• 40,000 PARTS CLEANERS IN SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA
• OTHER AREAS PASSING SIMILAR REGULATION
• SCAQMD LATER LOWERED VOC CONTENT LIMIT TO 25
  GRAMS PER LITER

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HISTORY CONTD

• ISSUE AROSE DURING PARTS CLEANING PROJECT
• IRTA WORKED WITH POTWS TO ANALYZE SPENT
  WATER-BASED CLEANING BATHS
• FOUND PERC AND OTHER NON-CHLORINATED SOLVENTS IN
  SOME BATHS
• ORIGIN OF PERC WAS AEROSOL BRAKE CLEANERS
• IRTA AND PPC DECIDED IT WAS IMPORTANT TO FOCUS ON
  DEVELOPING BRAKE CLEANING ALTERNATIVES

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HISTORY CONTD

• PERC EXEMPTED FROM VOC REGULATIONS BY EPA
• CARB BEGAN RULEMAKING TO EXEMPT PERC
• EXEMPTION FOR PERC WOULD LEAD TO AN INCREASE IN
  USE OF PERC IN AEROSOL AUTOMOTIVE PRODUCTS
• POTWS REQUESTED THAT CARB COLLECT DATA ON
  INCREASED PERC USE
• IRTA ASKED CARB TO EXAMINE TOXIC RISK TO
  DETERMINE IF ATCM WAS JUSTIFIED

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HISTORY CONTD

• IRTA STARTED EPA PROJECT TO DEVELOP WATER-BASED
  BRAKE CLEANERS
• CARB DECIDED TO GO FORWARD WITH ATCM
• BANNED ALL CHLORINATED (PERC, TCE, METH)
  AUTOMOTIVE AEROSOL PRODUCTS
• BAN IS IN EFFECT NOW
• IRTA COMPLETED PROJECT ON WATER-BASED BRAKE
  CLEANERS
• FOUND COST-EFFECTIVE ALTERNATIVES THAT COULD BE
  USED IN BRAKE CLEANING EQUIPMENT

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HISTORY CONTD

• DURING DEVELOPMENT OF ATCM, IRTA LEARNED THAT
  CARB CANNOT BAN A WHOLE PRODUCT TYPE
• IRTA DEMONSTRATED THAT ALTERNATIVE WATER-BASED
  BRAKE CLEANERS WERE ON MARKET
• DID NOT MATTER
• CARB NEED WATER BASED AEROSOL PRODUCTS ON MARKET
  TO GO FORWARD WITH REGULATION ON VOC AEROSOL
  BRAKE CLEANERS
• AEROSOL PACKAGERS BEGAN SUBSTITUTING VOC SOLVENTS
  FOR PERC WHEN CARB BAN ON CHLORINATED SOLVENTS
  WAS ENACTED

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HISTORY CONTD

• HESIS CONCERNED ABOUT INCREASE IN USE OF HEXANE
• IRTA CONCERNED ABOUT INCREASE IN USE OF OTHER VOC
  SOLVENTS
• IRTA PARTNERED WITH HESIS ON EPA PROJECT TO
  DEVELOP WATER-BASED AEROSOL AUTOMOTIVE PRODUCTS
• IRTA HAD SUBMITTED IDEA FOR PROJECT TO CARB
  RESEARCH DIVISION
• CARB ISSUED RFP
• IRTA RESPONDED AND WON PROJECT
• IRTA CONDUCTING TWO PROJECTS TO DEVELOP
  WATER-BASED AEROSOL AUTOMOTIVE PRODUCTS

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IRTA / HESIS AND IRTA / CARB PROJECTS

• FOCUS ON FOUR CATEGORIES OF CLEANING
• BRAKE CLEANING
• ENGINE DEGREASING
• GENERAL PURPOSE DEGREASING
• CARBURETOR AND FUEL INJECTION SYSTEM CLEANING
• HAVE TO FIND ALTERNATIVES FOR ALL FOUR CATEGORIES
• IF CARB REGULATES, AEROSOL SOLVENT PEOPLE CANNOT
  SIMPLY RE-LABEL PRODUCTS

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PRELIMINARY SCREENING TESTS

• WENT TO WATER CLEANING COMPANIES WHO MADE
  CLEANERS FOR AUTO REPAIR AND INDUSTRIAL CLEANING
  APPLICATIONS
• COLLECTED DIRTY AUTO PARTS FROM AUTO REPAIR
  FACILITIES
• USED CLEANERS IN SPRAY BOTTLES
• AEROSOL SOLVENT PACKERS PACKED CLEANERS IN
  AEROSOL CANS
• USED CLEANERS IN AEROSOL CANS

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SCREENING TESTS CONT

• TWO BIG ISSUES
• NEARLY ALL CLEANERS FOAMED
• APPROPRIATE FOR ENGINE DEGREASING
• NOT APPROPRIATE FOR OTHER APPLICATIONS
• CLEANERS THAT DIDNT FOAM HAD VERY LOW DELIVERY
  RATE
• ASKED WATER CLEANING COMPANIES TO REFORMULATE
  CLEANERS FOR FIELD TESTING
• TEST FOAMING CLEANERS IN ENGINE DEGREASING AND
  NON-FOAMING CLEANERS IN BRAKE CLEANING AND
  GENERAL PURPOSE DEGREASING

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PROJECT PARTICIPANTS

• FIFTEEN AUTO REPAIR FACILITIES
• DEALERSHIPS
• BRAKE REPAIR SHOPS
• SERVICE STATIONS
• GENERAL AUTOMOTIVE REPAIR
• CITY YARD
• CAR WASHES
• DETAILER

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ENGINE DEGREASING

• VIRTUALLY NO AUTO REPAIR FACILITIES USE AEROSOL
  PRODUCTS
• ONLY CONSUMERS
• MOST AUTO REPAIR FACILITIES DONT DO ENGINE
  DEGREASING
• SOME DEALERSHIPS
• CAR WASHES
• DETAILERS AND MOBILE DETAILERS
• VIRTUALLY ALL USE HIGH PRESSURE WATER AND BULK
  WATER CLEANERS
• INCLUDING CAR WASH, DETAILER AND ANN HEILS
  HUSBAND IN PROJECT
• WILL TEST FOAMING CLEANERS

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CARBURETOR AND FUEL INJECTION SYSTEM CLEANING

• AUTO REPAIR FACILITIES USE PACKAGED SYSTEM
• FUEL ADDITIVE
• FLUSHING CLEANER
• INJECTION VALVE CLEANER
• FUEL ADDITIVE AND FLUSHING CLEANER NOT EMITTED
  AND DONT EXPOSE WORKERS
• FUEL ADDITIVE REGULATIONS GOVERN WHAT CAN GO
  THROUGH SYSTEM
• DECIDED NOT TO TEST WATER CLEANERS
• FOCUSING ON INJECTION VALVE CLEANERS
• EXAMINED CARBURETOR AND CHOKE CLEANERS ON SHELVES

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CARBURETOR CLEANING CONTD

• DECIDED TO USE ACETONE AND SOY PRODUCTS
• BOTH LOW IN TOXICITY AND VOC CONTENT
• PACKAGED FIVE DIFFERENT PRODUCTS
• ACETONE
• BLENDS OF ACETONE AND SOY
• WILL FIELD TEST PRODUCTS AND DECIDE WHICH SHOULD
  BE PACKAGED IN LARGER QUANTITIES
• WILL FIELD TEST WITH AUTO REPAIR FACILITIES

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BRAKE CLEANING / GENERAL PURPOSE DEGREASING

• WATER-BASED CLEANERS WITH EQUIPMENT ALREADY USED
  IN BRAKE CLEANING AND PARTS CLEANERS USED IN
  GENERAL PURPOSE DEGREASING
• PACKAGING NON-FOAMING CLEANERS
• WILL TEST AT LEAST SEVEN CLEANERS IN FIELD
• COMPANIES BUY ONE TYPE OF AEROSOL DEGREASER AND
  USE IT FOR ALL CLEANING TASKS
• IRTA WILL PROVIDE EACH AUTO REPAIR FACILITY WITH
  A WEEKS WORTH OF CLEANER AND ASK THEM TO USE IT
  EXCLUSIVELY

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FUTURE WORK

• IRTA GOING AHEAD WITH FIELD TESTING
• ASSISTED WATER CLEANING FORMULATORS IN FINDING
  OTHER PACKERS
• WILL HAVE CLEANERS FOR BRAKE CLEANING AND GENERAL
  PURPOSE DEGREASING IN NOVEMBER
• WILL START TESTING ENGINE DEGREASERS AND
  CARBURETOR AND FUEL INJECTION SYSTEM CLEANERS
  THIS MONTH

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FUTURE STRATEGY

• PLANNING FOLLOW-UP PROJECT WITH NEW AEROSOL
  WATER-BASED CLEANERS
• WILL WORK WITH AUTO REPAIR FACILITIES TO CONVERT
  THEM TO WATER-BASED AEROSOLS
• LOWER VOC PRODUCTS WILL BE IN USE
• SCAQMD MAY BE ABLE TO REGULATE
• DOESNT HAVE CARB AEROSOL LIMITATION
• CAN REGULATE USE IN FACILITIES

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