Prsentation de la SMC ville d'Ebolowa

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City of LIMB
National School of Engineer - Yaoundé
WATER SUPPLY IN CAMEROON CASE STUDY OF LIMBE
TOWN
Water and Urban Services in Africa Barcelona y
Rubi. 20 to 22 november 2008.
Presented by Dr Emmanuel NGNIKAM, ERA
Cameroun, B.P. 3356 Yaoundé. Email
emma_ngnikam_at_yahoo.fr
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City of LIMB
Summary

• Water supply in Cameroon
• Presentation of LIMBE Town
• Actors involved in water supply in Limbe
• Analysed Access to drinking water in the town of
  Limbe
• Examination criticizes networks of provisioning
• Constraints and opportunities
• The implementation of an integrated managing
  action plan for the ADW in the city

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City of LIMB
Keys indicator of Cameroon
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City of LIMB
WATER SUPPLY IN CAMEROON (1).

• General situation
• March 2008, privatisation of the public
  corporation (SNEC) and creation of the CDE
  (private corporation responsible of the water
  supply in town of Cameroon).
• In December 2006, the creation of CAM Water, this
  public corporation have the responsibility of the
  public investment on water supply in the town of
  Cameroon
• Cameroon has 103 urban stations of drinking water
  and more than 3,000 stations and rural water
  points.
• The urban stations are managed by CDE meanwhile
  the management of the stations and rural water
  points rest on the users (village committees)
  under the supervision of the MINEE (Ministry of
  Energy and Water Resources).

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City of LIMB
WATER SUPPLY IN CAMEROON (2).

• Water service in the municipalities
• Before 1968, the large cities municipalities as
  well as those of the small urban centers were
  ensuring the management and distribution of
  drinking water in a direct connection system.
• In September 1968, a 40 year concession
  convention was signed between the State of
  Cameroon and SNEC for the supply of Douala and
  Yaounde as well as some other towns.
• From this convention, in all the localities where
  SNEC is located, the municipality henceforth is
  considered as an ordinary subscriber.
• From 1990, with the economic crisis, the unpaid
  bills, led the SNEC to close the municipal
  public fountains.

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City of LIMB
WATER SUPPLY IN CAMEROON (3).

• Water service in the municipalities
• There are many problems that exist. The supply of
  the areas where the networks do not exist is a
  serious problem.
• The buffer areas inside the cities especially the
  condensed quarters with spontaneous habitation 1,
  as well as the periurban areas are mainly
  concerned with these difficulties.
• In the municipalities, on the contrary, we
  observe the emergence of non governmental
  partners like associations and local
  development committees which, all invest in the
  supply of drinking water.

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City of LIMB
WATER SUPPLY IN CAMEROON (4).

• Supply of drinking water
• the rate of coverage is inferior to 30 and the
  needs to be covered are too high even in the
  cities that are supplied.
• The development of the water sector in Cameroon
  has numerous obstacles the most important ones
  are
• the problems of the institutional environment
• the lack of précised objectives
• the lack of autonomy to decide and to take
  responsibility
• financial problems (mastering the cost of
  production and distribution)
• The difficulty in mastering urban expansion.

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City of LIMB
PRESENTATION OF LIMBE (1).

• The population is about 120 000 inhabitants in
  2005
• Two heavy corporations occupy the primary sector,
  the Cameroon Development Corporation (CDC) and
  the National refinery corporation (SONARA).
• CDC was created in 1964 and exploits plantations
  having almost 15000 palm trees and 22000 rubber
  plants. CDC has 15 000 employees.
• The construction of a deep sea port as a project
  and of the national shipyard corporation
  constitute the best opportunities for the
  development of this city
• The wildlife centre and Mount Cameroon, an active
  volcanic mountain of more than 4095 metres,
  attract various types of tourists.

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City of LIMB
PRESENTATION OF LIMBE (2).
Rainfall 6000 mm/year. Located near the Mount
Cameroon, a volcanic mountain
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City of LIMB
ACTORS INVOLVED IN WATER SUPPLY (1).

• The National Water Corporation.
• CDE in Limbe, has 3155 particular subscribers,
  116 for the State. This represents a monthly
  consumption of almost 110 000m3.
• The rate of supply is 27 if we consider that
  each subscription supplies 10 persons. It network
  supplies the entire urban Centre.
• The national corporation (CDE and CAMWATER ) is
  the actor that has best expertise as far as
  production, supply of drinking water through a
  network is concerned.
• It staff is qualified, it network can supply
  almost 50 of the urban territory.

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City of LIMB
ACTORS INVOLVED IN WATER SUPPLY (2).

• LIMBE URBAN COUNCIL (LUC)
• The executive of the formal council with a
  special regime brought in the course of the 2002
  2007 mandate, financial and technical support
  to the different community networks of the city.
• The actions lead to the realization of the
  studies for the extension of the Mile 4 community
  network, the partial financing of the Mokoundange
  construction network.
• The Limbe Urban council which replaces the
  council with a special regime has a long
  cooperation experience with communities in the
  actions of improving the access to drinking
  water.
• The LUC is one of the rare average councils
  having a technical service capable of
  accompanying the council executive in
  implementing the councils strategy development.

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City of LIMB
ACTORS INVOLVED IN WATER SUPPLY (3).

• The Mile 4 network managing committee
• The creation of this committee comes as a
  response to the problems of water supply in those
  periphery localities located at the North-East of
  the city and which partially only benefit from
  the urban water supply network.
• The Community network was constructed in 1972.
  this network has been extend in the new sector in
  2002.
• The rate of increasing of the subscribers to the
  community network is almost 27 new connections
  per year (2007).
• The quarter has a population of 10 000
  inhabitants it is supplied in parts by the SNEC
  network having 6 subscribers.
• The rest of the quarter is supplied by the
  community network that has put in place a
  subscription system of almost 1000 subscribers
  and 25 fountains.

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City of LIMB

• The Batoke locality had a captation point
  constructed in 1960.
• The quarter is supplied by the community network
  which has put in place a subscription system of
  almost 200 subscribers and 20 non payable
  fountains.

• Conscious of the demands of drinking water by the
  village inhabitants, the idea of a drinking water
  project came out.
• The firsts steps of such a project were
  elaborated in 2000 by a committee put in place by
  the inhabitants of the quarter.
• The community development services were contacted
  in 2006.
• The LUC engaged a CFA 5 000 000 subvention this
  amount permitted to acquire and the laying down
  of 110mm diameter pipes on a distance of almost
  one kilometre. The shipyard industrial
  corporation brought a support to the project.
• The population of the quarter is estimated at
  6,000 inhabitants.
• The quarter is supplied partly by the SNEC
  network.

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City of LIMB

• CDC has been the first corporation to construct
  drinking water equipment in the city.
• It puts in place three networks for the supply of
  its three housing estate created for its staff.
• The construction that has been put in place
  before the 1960s, functions and is well
  maintained

• The access to a connection is expensive for the
  majority of the populations of the city. Some
  people, for commercial reasons, put their
  connection at the disposal of the population with
  the aim of selling water.
• Many water sellers exist in Limbe.
• The price of an m3 of water to informal
  subscribers is always superior to the price that
  is practiced by SNEC,

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City of LIMB
Diagnostic of the existing management systems
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The access to drinking water in Limbe
City of LIMB
The rate of access to drinking water in the
quarters of the city is evaluated in 2008 to 74
for the whole of the urban perimeter, being
divided into 40 of access by Stand taps and 34
of access by particular connection. Progress is
necessary to improve (i) the rate of access which
is weak in the new quarters or allotments, and
(ii) the average specific consumption which
remains modest because of the prevalence of the
access by Stand taps.

• There exists in the city several Community
  networks self-managed by the quarters or
  villages, Bonadikombo, Batoké. With these
  networks the private boreholes carried out by
  industrialists are added
• SONARA 2 boreholes for the dwellings of the
  personnel (1 500 people) with a flow of 30
  m3/heure
• SONARA Refinery 4 boreholes of the same
  importance
• CDC a treatment plant of a flow of almost
  45m3/h, a storage tank of 400 m3

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City of LIMB
Examination criticizes network of provisioning
In the field of the production Regular
breakdowns frequent ruptures on principal
control coming from Mile 4 an insufficient
quality control of water at exit of the
factories. In the field of the distribution
very poor yield of the network (45) significant
pressure drops in certain quarters of the city
The price of the service of water practised by
the SNEC is expensive for the populations, have
regard to the conditions, similar to those of the
Community networks of the city, in which this
water is distributed gravitationally starting
from the Moline river. This has an impact on the
rate of connection to this network.
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City of LIMB
Examination criticizes network of provisioning
The relations of the CAMWATER with the
municipality of Limbé improve gradually but note
that the long years of noncollaboration made take
a delay in some of the actions. Because hitherto
the municipality was sufficiently implied in the
management of drinking water whereas it falls on
to him this responsibility. It is essential thus
that it is equipped in the future with the human
means necessary. On the other hand the Community
networks showed their effectiveness like their
determination in the management of the
distribution of water in their village or
quarter.
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City of LIMB
Examination criticizes network of provisioning

• The principal identified assets are
• A respring abundant water and overflowing related
  to a strong pluviometry
• A population engaged to solve the problems of
  access to water
• The possibility of carrying out Community
  networks
• The principal identified constraints are
• the relatively high demographic growth of the
  population, constant in the urban and semi-urban
  zones where the SNEC has intervened for several
  years do not reinforce any more its outputs and
  of distribution, anticipation and of intervention
  misses
• the urban development, not easily controlled and
  dependent on the weakness of the average income
  of the populations.

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City of LIMB
Constraints and opportunities

• The council a weak actor in spite of
  decentralization
• Key actors and lack of coordination
• Boards of management of the Community networks
  evil prepared
• When the natural constraints are interfered

• An offer of service varied and diversified
• A significant economic potential
• Committed and motivated actors
• An average territorial cover in network
• A request available and solvent

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City of LIMB

• The State policy as far as the matter is
  concerned, has defined the following normative
  management principles
• guarantee the continuity of the public service
  as far as the ADW is concerned
• guarantee the economy efficiency of the
  investments (best quality / price of the proposed
  service)
• guarantee the equity of the citizens in the
  access to public service
• mobilizing local financial resources (users and
  councils) to finance the exploitation of the
  equipment.

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City of LIMB

• In order to realize this, the integrated managing
  plan of the ADW equipment must be put in place at
  two levels
• at the level of the council
• an organization must be put in place at the urban
  council, having a staff who shall be trained for
  a satisfying output.
• .
• At the level of the water point
• of the community equipments exist. Managing
  equipments should be put at the disposal of the
  managing committees in order to permit them to
  improve their productivity.
• A concerting environment shall be put in place
  to permit collaboration between the local
  services and the managing committee.

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City of LIMB
Thank you for your attention