Ch' 17: From Gene to Protein

1
Ch. 17 From Gene to Protein

• DNA RNA Protein

2
Proteins

• Structure
• amino acids
• Functions
• importance

3
How do genes control metabolism?

• Transcription
• Translation

4
Comparison of DNA and RNA

• Types of sugar
• nitrogenous bases
• single vs. double strand
• function

5
Transcription Translation

• Gene - nucleotide triplets
• mRNA - codons
• tRNA - anticodons
• rRNA
• ribosome, polyribosomes
• polypeptide
• peptide bonds
• amino acids

So, I gotta know their structure and function?
6
Transcription Translation

• tell me the story
• transcription
• RNA polymerase
• promoters
• transcription factors

7
What are they?????

• Introns
• Exons

8
Transcription Translation

• tell me the story
• translation
• initiation
• elongation
• termination
• modification after translation

9
Mutations

• Point mutations
• substitutions
• insertion
• deletion
• Mutagens

10
What would happen if..

• A mutation changed a start codon to some other
  codon?
• A mutation changed a stop codon to some other
  codon?
• A mutation changed one amino acid within a
  polypeptide chain?

11
What would happen if..

• There was a mutation such that it caused a codon
  sequence to change from UUU to UUC?
• What if it was changed to UUA?

12
Are mutations always bad????
13
So why is it that a neuron (nervous system cell)
and a muscle cell perform different functions if
they contain the same DNA?
14
HIV and AIDS

• How do they do it? How do they use their host
  cells machinery to make more of themselves?