Coated Mandrel

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Prof. Mel Ulmer DEPT OF PHYSICS
ASTRONOMY
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The Concept
Intact Electroforming Multilayer Process
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Coated Mandrel
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Astrophysical Motivation

• Hard X-ray Astronomy (20- 100 keV) is rich but

• Need focusing for improved sensitivity and
  imaging

• Flexible design of focal length

• Need the best angular resolution possible

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resolution 1.5 2.25
3. arc min
45 arc sec
resolution 15
22.5 arc sec
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Gal. Cen.
Cas A
8.5 x 8.5 arc min
1.3 x 1.3 arc min
3C 273
Per A
24 x 24 arc sec
3.5 x 3.5 arc min
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Advantages of IEMP

• Coat Mandrel gt Focal Length, small
  as 1-2 meters gt
  SMEX is possible

• Electroforming offers the best angular
  resolution (lt 10 arc sec) outside custom figuring

• An additional advantage of proccess at NU
• CNx coating (10 nm) smooths protects

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Now the entire process
Coat mandrel with CNx
Coat mandrel with release layer
Coat with multilayers
Coat with adhesion layers
Electroform
Remove electroform
Remove release layer
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Therefore, Total Institutional Integration
is
VERY IMPORTANT
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Two different orientations about optical axis,
same energy
About 90 deg rotation
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Higher Energy
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Conclusion Excellent Multilayers because

• Same Bragg angles at different energies, more
  penetrating versus less

• Narrow Bragg peaks

• One multilayer d-spacing 5.29 nm fits all

• Same Bragg angles at different axis rotations

• All the above plus fits indicate well over 10
  efficiency. How high? Perhaps near theoretical
  80

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30 cm long, 12 cm dia. 2 m focal length Wolter
I With multilayers
First Light
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Where do we go from here?

• Further analysis of in hand mirror to cement
  reflectivity efficiency estimates

• Advance to an even better truncated cone mandrel

• Move to graded d-spacing with new multilayer
  coating chamber

• Advance to Wolter I mirrors and fly them!!

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Co-Authors Bob I. Altkorn, Anita Madan, Mike
Graham, and Yong S. Chu
Helpers, collaborators, etc. Al Krieger, Dan
Parsignault, Derrick Mancini, Matt Steele, Peter
Takcas, Yip-Wah Chung, Jane Chang
NASA Support SRT and Con X
www.astro.nwu.edu/astro/faculty/ulmer
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We are ready to go! Just send money!!
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The
End