Fibre optic cable

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Optical fibre Fusion Splicing Factors that are
possible affecting the Signal Quality
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Fibre optic cables are joined together using
slicing mechanism. It is a permanent solution as
the two ends of the fibre optic cables are joined
using heat. Much like welding, the physical
property of the two participating fibre optic
cables should be more or less similar.
Differences in the diameter, outer jacket quality
and age of the fibre optic cables also play
significant role in defining the extent to
splicing required.
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The methods of joining two Fibre optic
cables- Fibre optic cables can be physically
joined using two methodso    Splicingo  
 Connector attachment
Splicing of fibre optic cables is done using two
mechanismso    Mechanical splicingo    Fusion
splicing
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Optical fibre cables are usually joined for
permanent purposes using fusion splicer machines.
Optical connectors on the other hand are used at
places where the fibre optic cables are engaged
and disengaged for operational assessment and
maintenance reasons. For industrial purposes, the
optical fibre connectors are preferred as it
allows the expansion of the layout.
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Operations carried out in the Fusion splicing
methods- Fusion splicer machines perform the
connection of two optic fibre cables usingo  
 Core alignment o    V-Groove alignment, also
called Cladding alignment o    Reinforced
splicingo    Fibre cleaving
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Factors that affect Splicing of Fibre Optic
cables- The major factor that affects the
quality of splicing is the alignment of the fibre
optic cables. The opposing cores must be properly
aligned together in order to have highest
quality. This is achieved using a fusion splicer
machine. In order to pick the best fusion splicer
for joining, you must know the types of losses
prevalent in the cables joined externally.
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    Poor Alignment The best quality splicing
using fusion splicer machines ensure that the
optical fibre cables are impeccable aligned. The
splice loss is reduced to less than 12 per cent
in cases where the fusion splicer managed to
attach the cables concentricity with minimum lip
gap.
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    Choice of cables Fusion splicer cant be
used to align different types of cores. For
example, a single-mode optic fibre cable can be
spliced with another single-mode cable. You
should not use the fusion splicing in cases where
misalignment is greater than one micrometer. A
misalignment of one micrometre causes
approximately 0.2 Decibels of signal loss.
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    Minimize end gap Despite best quality
fusion splicing, two fibre optic cables can still
end up having small gaps. This is called Tail
gap. The presence of tail gap leads to a single
loss of 0.6 decibels and magnifies depending on
the refractive index of the material used in the
fibre optic cable. To ensure error-free signal
transmission, ensure that the surface of the
fibre optic cables is properly cleaned and the
refractive index at the spot of fusion splicing
is consistent as the rest of the cable.
Note Use of fibre optic connectors is preferred
in cases where the tail gap cant be reduced.
Connectors minimize the tail gap and consequently
the signal loss.
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