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ARTIFICIAL EYE
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• CAN YOU THINK BLIND PEOPLE CAN ALSO SEE THIS
  WORLD?
• YES..!

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INTRODUCTION

• There are 10 billion people in the US who are
  blind or facing blindness due to diseases of the
  retina and theres little that can be done for
  them.
• For the vast majority, their best hope is through
  prosthetic devices.
• The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has
  granted market approval to an artificial retina
  technology, the first bionic eye to be approved
  for patients in the U.S.

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Conti

• Scientists claim to have developed a new
  revolutionary bionic eye that enables blind
  people to read letters and simple words.
• In the mid-20th century, researchers began to
  explore the idea of creating an artificial eye
  which could actually see.

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ARTIFICIAL EYE?

• An artificial eye is a prosthesis which is used
  to replace a missing or damaged eye.
• In order to accomplish the goal of creating a
  visual prosthesis, scientists had to develop a
  camera which could interact with the brain by
  stimulating the optic nerve.

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HOW BRAIN WORKS AFTER SEEING AN IMAGE?

• After seeing an image the brain takes information
  from the outside world and encodes it in patterns
  of electrical activity.
• After the creating pattern the brain get an
  visualization of an image. That can we actually
  seeing the image from our eyes.

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Conti.

• In damaged or dysfunctional retina, the
  photoreceptors stop working, causing blindness
• The absence of effective therapeutic remedies for
  retinitis pigmentosa (RP) and age-related macular
  degeneration (AMD)

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ARGUS-II DEVICE

• The Argus II Retinal Prosthesis System
  (Argus II) is the worlds first approved device
  intended to restore some functional vision for
  people suffering from blindness.
• transmits images from a small, eye-glass-mounted
  camera wirelessly to a microelectrode array
  implanted on a patients damaged retina.

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PARTS OF ARGUS II DEVICE

• The System has three parts
• a small electronic device implanted in and
  around the eye,
• a tiny video camera attached to a pair of
  glasses,
• and a video processing unit that is worn or
  carried by the patient.

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HOW ARGUS II DEVICE WORKS?
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HOW ARGUS II DEVICE WORKS?
The patient wears glasses with an attached video
camera that captures images of the surrounding
area.
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Cont
These images become an electrical signal which is
processed by the video processing unit. The
signal is then wirelessly delivered to the
eye stimulating the retina
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Cont.
This electrical stimulation of the retina is
recognized by the brain as spots of light.
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When is it used?

• The Argus II Retinal Prosthesis System is
  intended for patients aged 25 years
• and older with bare or no light perception
  vision caused by advanced retinitis pigmentosa.

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RESULTS OF THIS SYTEM

• identify the location or movement of objects and
  people
• recognize large letters, words, or Sentences.
• and helped in other activities of daily life,
  such as detecting street curbs and walking on a
  sidewalk without stepping off.

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Support for argus ii device

• Three government organizations provided support
  for the development of the Argus II. The
  Department of Energy, National Eye Institute at
  the National Institutes of Health and the
  National Science Foundation collaborated to
  provide grant funding totaling more than 100
  million, support for material design and other
  basic research for the project.

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Advantages

• ability to perform visual tasks demonstrated in
  many patients
• Upgradable external hardware and software to
  benefit from future innovations
• the brain has an amazing ability to adapt to new
  input and to improve his or her understanding of
  what is being seen via an artificial vision
  system.

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Disadvantages

• The cost of device is too high( 1500)
• It is difficult to acquire this technology by
  common man.

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CONCLUSION

• people suffering from low vision to, people who
  are completely blind will benefit from this
  project.
• This technology used by US and economic urope
  countries.
• Hope in INDIA also will acquire this
  technology soon.

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THANK YOU