carbon and compound

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FA 3 CHEMISTRY PROJECT
TOPIC -
CARBON AND ITS COMPOUND
MADE BY -
NITESH KUMAR
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CARBON

• Carbon is considered as the third most important
  element after oxygen and hydrogen for exsistence
  of life on earth . The name of carbon derived
  from the Latin word carbo which means Coal .
  The earth crust contain only 0.02 carbon which
  present as minerals and in atmosphere 0.03
  carbon present in the form of carbon dioxide.

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Allotropes of carbon

• Allotropy is property by virtue of which an
  element exists in more than one form and each
  forms has different physical properties but
  identical chemical property . These different
  forms are called allotropes.
• Carbon exists two form
• 1).Crystalline form
• e.g. diamond , graphite and fullerene.
• 2). Non Crystalline
• e.g. coal , lampblack and charcoal.

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Diamond

• General Properties
• It is colourless transparent substance
• It is quite heavy .
• It is extremely hard .
• It is not conduct electricity .
• It have high melting point.
• It burns on strong heating to form carbon dioxide.

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Structure

• It is giant molecule of carbon atom in which each
  carbon atom join with four other carbon atom by
  strong covalent bond forming a rigid three
  dimensional network structure which is
  responsible for its hardness.

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Graphite

• GENERAL PROPERTIES
• It is greyish black substance .
• Ti is lighter than diamond , feel soft and
  slippery to touch.
• It is good conductor of electricity.
• On strong heating , it gives carbon dioxide.

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Structure

• A graphite crystal consists of layer of carbon
  atom or sheet of carbon atom . Each carbon atom
  have one free electron which make graphite good
  conductor of electricity . Each atom join with
  three carbon atom.

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fullerenes

• These is recently discovered allotropic forms of
  carbon which were prepared for the first time by
  HW Kroto Smalley and Robert curt by the action of
  leaser beam on the vapours of graphite. Most
  commonly known fullerene contain 60 C atom with
  smaller portion of C 70 and trace of compound
  containing even up to 370 C atom.

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Structure

• C 60 is a football shaped spherical molecules in
  which 60 C atom are arranged in interlocking
  hexagonal and pentagonal rings of carbon atom .
  One C60 molecules contains 20 hexagonal and 12
  pentagon of carbon atom.

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Versatile nature of carbon

• The estimated number of carbon compound known
  today is about three million . But now the
  question is , which properties of carbon is / are
  responsible for the formation of such a larger
  number of carbon atom.
• (the main reason for huge number of carbon
  compound are)

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Catenation

• It is a joined with other carbon atom and makes a
  bigger molecules.

Tetravalancy
It forms 4 covalent bond around it self.
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HYDROCARBON

• The organic compound only containing carbon and
  hydrogen are called hydrocarbon.

The hydrocarbons can be classified as- 1.)
Saturated hydrocarbons 2.) Unsaturated
hydrocarbons
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Saturated hydrocarbon

• The all carbon atom are connected by single bond
  are called saturated carbon.
• The general formula of these compound is
• CnH2n2 , where n number of carbon atom in
  molecule.

Unsaturated hydrocarbon
The all carbon atom are connected by two or three
bond are called unsaturated carbon.
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unsaturated hydrocarbon1

• ALKENES
• The carbon atom which have at least double bond.
• General formula is CnH2n
• ALKYNES
• The carbon atom which have triple or more than
  triple bond.
• General formula is CnH2n-2 .

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No . of C - atom Root word
1. C1 Meth
2. C2 Eth
3. C3 Prop
4. C4 But
5. C5 Pent
6. C6 Hex
7. C7 Hept
8. C8 Oct
9. C9 Non
10. C10 Dec
ALKANES In alkanes , rot word ane e.g.-
methane. ALKENE In alkene , rot word ene
e.g.- methene. ALKYNE In alkyne , rot word
yne e.g.- methyne.
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