Prerenal Failure :- causes, symptoms, treatments and diagnosis

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PRERENAL FAILURE

• SYMPTOMS CAUSES TREATMENT

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CAUSES OF PRERENAL FAILURE

• Prerenal ARF is caused mainly by the inadequate
  blood circulation in the kidneys. It is the most
  common type of acute kidney failures. As the
  kidneys do not receive enough blood, they cannot
  filter the blood properly. Following are the
  causes of this disorder Hardening of the
  arteries due to increased fatty deposits inside
  the arteries can significantly reduce the blood
  flow towards the kidneys.
• Excessive consumption of diuretics, as well as
  significantly reduced fluid intake can lead to
  dehydration, which in turn can lead to this
  disorder.
• People with heart conditions are often advised to
  take diuretics to prevent accumulation of fluid
  in the lungs. Such patients are more likely to be
  affected by dehydration and ARF.

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CONTINUE - CAUSES

• Severe loss of blood due to a major surgery or
  accident that leads to sudden drop in the blood
  pressure levels, may lead to this disorder.
• Chronic liver disease, which affects the
  production of hormones that help maintain the
  blood flow and pressure in the kidneys, may also
  be a contributing factor.
• Prerenal azotemia, a condition where excess
  amount of nitrogen type compounds in the
  bloodstream affect the function of the
  kidneys and lead to the build-up of waste, such
  as creatinine and urea.
• Severe injury or burns, sepsis (infection in the
  blood), heart failure or heart attack can
  restrict the flow of blood to the kidneys.

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SYMPTOS OF PRERENAL FAILURE

• Dizziness
• Dry mouth
• Low blood pressure (hypotension)
• Increased heart rate
• Dry, loose skin 
• Weight loss
• Abdominal pain
• Symptoms of liver disease like itching sensation,
  nausea, loss of appetite, abdominal swelling,
  confusion, disorientation, sweet or ammoniacal
  odour, etc.
• Symptoms of heart diseases like breathing
  difficulty (Dyspnoea), increased fatigue, fluid
  accumulation and swelling in the extremities
  (edema), venous engorgement, etc.

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TREATMENTS OF PRERENAL FAILURE

• The treatment is focused at improving the kidney
  perfusion (blood circulation). The correct
  diagnosis or detection of the exact cause of
  kidney failure helps determine the treatment. The
  effect of dehydration can be lowered by
  administering intravenous fluid. Other causes
  like infection, liver problem, and heart failure
  need to be treated according to the types and
  severity of symptoms. Since the output of urine
  increases significantly with the administration
  of intravenous fluids, patients diagnosed
  with prerenal failure are advised to be admitted
  in the hospital. The renal function improves fast
  with the increased output of urine. 

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CONTINUE - TREATMENT OF PRERENAL FAILURE

• Patients with severe symptoms are admitted in the
  intensive care units, as they have an increased
  risk of heart failure or liver failure. These
  patients may suffer from severe infections like
  viral hepatitis. Patients diagnosed with this
  disorder need prompt medication in order to
  prevent health complications.

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