Hepatitis (Jaundice) : Overview, causes, symptoms, sign, diagnosis and treatmemt

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Hepatitis (Jaundice)
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Hepatitis (Jaundice)

• Hepatitis means the injury and inflammation of
  the liver. It is mostly caused by a virus, but
  there may be other causes such as autoimmune
  hepatitis, or that occur due to side effects of
  some medications.
• Most liver damage is caused by three types of
  hepatitis, hepatitis A, B and C.
• It can heal without any long term consequence,
  but in some cases it can cause scarring of the
  liver.

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Symptoms of hepatitis

• Certain symptoms may include
• Fatigue
• Flu-like symptoms
• Dark urine
• Pale stool
• Abdominal pain
• Loss of appetite
• Unexplained weight loss
• Yellow skin and eyes, which may be signs of
  jaundice

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Diagnosis of hepatitis

• Physical test- A physical test may be done by the
  doctor to see certain symptoms associated with
  hepatitis.
• Liver function tests- Blood tests which determine
  the function of the liver must be done. As
  abnormal result may indicate certain condition
  for hepatitis.
• Other blood tests- Certain blood test will check
  for the viruses of hepatitis. Presence of suc
  virus will confirm the condition of hepatitis
• Ultrasound- An abdominal ultrasound will check
  for certain conditions of the liver
• Fluid in your abdomen
• Liver damage or enlargement
• Liver tumours
• Abnormalities of the gallbladder

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Types of hepatitis

• Hepatitis A- It is caused by an infection with
  the hepatitis A virus (HAV). It is transmitted by
  consuming food or water contaminated by feces
  from a person infected with hepatitis A.
• Hepatitis B- It is not contaminated by food or
  water, rather it is contaminated bu body fluids
  such as blood, semen, vaginal fluids etc.
• Hepatitis C- It is caused by hepatitis C virus
  (HCV). It is transmitted through direct contact
  with the body fluids of the infected person.
• Hepatitis D- It is also called delta hepatitis,
  caused by hepatitis D virus (HDV). It occurs in
  conjunction with hepatitis B virus, it will not
  multiply without the presence of hepatitis B
  virus. It is also transmitted by contact with
  infected body fluids.
• Hepatitis E- It is a waterborne disease caused by
  the hepatitis E virus (HEV). It is mainly found
  in areas with poor sanitation and typically
  results from ingesting fecal matter that
  contaminates the water supply.

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Causes of infectious hepatitis

• Alcohol and other toxins-Excessive alcohol
  consumption can cause liver damage and
  inflammation. It directly affects the cells of
  the liver. Over time, it can cause scarring and
  cirrhosis of the liver. It is called alcohol
  hepatitis. Other toxic causes of hepatitis
  include overuse or overdose of medications and
  exposure to poisons.
• Autoimmune system response- In some cases, immune
  system can infect the healthy cells of the liver,
  which can cause inflammation in the liver in
  longer process. In some cases the inflammation
  can be highly severe, and it is more common in
  women than men.

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Treatments of Hepatitis

• Hepatitis A- No treatment is required for
  hepatitis A, as it is a short time illness. Bed
  rest and taking some hydration and nutrition can
  help to recover. The hepatitis A vaccine is
  available to prevent this infection. Most
  children begin vaccination between ages 12 and 18
  months. Its a series of two vaccines.
• Hepatitis B- Acute hepatitis B doesnt require
  any medications. Chronic hepatitis B is treated
  with antiviral medications. Hepatitis B can be
  prevented with vaccination. Hepatitis B
  vaccinations for all newborns. The series of
  three vaccines is typically completed over the
  first six months of childhood.
• Hepatitis C-Antiviral medications are used to
  treat both acute and chronic forms of hepatitis
  C. People who develop chronic hepatitis C are
  typically treated with a combination of antiviral
  drug therapies.

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Treatments of Hepatitis
Continue

• People who develop cirrhosis (scarring of the
  liver) or liver disease as a result of chronic
  hepatitis C may be ordered some advance treatment
  or liver transplant. There is no vaccination for
  hepatitis C.
• Hepatitis D-No antiviral medications exist for
  the treatment of hepatitis D. but a drug named as
  alpha interferon, can be used to treat hepatitis
  D, but the success rate is much low. Vaccination
  for hepatitis B work for hepatitis D, as
  hepatitis D need hepatitis B to develop
• Hepatitis E- There is no treatment of hepatitis
  E, but being a acute infection, it resolves on
  its own.
• Autoimmune hepatitis- Corticosteroids, are the
  most early treatment used in case of autoimmune
  hepatitis. Drug that suppresses immune system can
  also be used to treat autoimmune hepatitis.

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