Hemangioma: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis and Treatment

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Hemangioma
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Hemangioma

• Hemangioma is a skin disorder which occurs due
  to an unusual accumulation of blood vessels
  resulting in the formation of red scar on or
  under the skin surface. Hemangioma is
  a congenital disease and mostly develops when
  baby is still inside the mothers womb.
  Development of hemangioma on the skin or organs
  cannot be prevented. Hemangioma is also known as
  vascular tumor. This disease affects about 10 of
  all the children around the world. Large and
  multiple hemangiomas lead to the unfavourable
  scarring of skin that can be emotionally
  disturbing for a child. A hemangioma lesion grows
  to 0.5-5 cm in diameter, although in some cases,
  a lesion can grow up to the diameter of 20 cm.

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Causes of Hemangioma

• The bundling of blood vessels results in the
  formation of lump on the skin. However, the exact
  cause of abnormal growth of blood vessels is not
  known. The proteins produced in the placenta
  during the period of gestation maybe one of the
  possible causes for the development of
  hemangioma. Hemangioma develops in three stages
  Proliferation, Quiescence and Involution.Hemangi
  omas often occur on the top layer or subcutaneous
  layer of the skin. Hemangiomas can also occur in
  internal organs such as kidneys, colon, liver,
  lungs and brain. Hemangiomas that develop
  internally are known as Cavernous hemangiomas.

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Symptoms

• A patient may not feel any symptom in the
  initial stages of hemangioma. Hemangioma may
  cause symptoms if they grow in volume or if they
  grow in a delicate area. A reddish or purple
  colored lesion develops on the skin, which
  generally go unnoticed until multiple lesions
  form. Some other symptoms of hemangioma
  include 
• Vomiting
• Nausea
• Loss of appetite
• Infections and sores
• Ulceration and bleeding from the lesion
• Pain in the abdomen
• Unexplained weight loss
• Severe hemangioma can affect breathing, vision,
  or other bodily functions. 

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Diagnosis of Hemangioma

• Hemangioma can be easily diagnosed by performing
  a physical exam. A doctor may order certain
  diagnostic tests to detect the abnormal or
  excessive formation of blood vessels.
  The diagnostic tests for hemangioma may
  include Ultrasound
• Tissue biopsy
• Computerised tomography (CT) scan
• Magnetic Resource Imaging (MRI)

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Treatment

• In most of the cases there is no treatment
  required the scars or lesions developed on the
  skin fade away on their own. Only some cases
  require a medical treatment, which may
  involve surgery and medications. Possible
  treatments of hemangioma are
• Medicines such as beta-blockers or steroid
  injections are used to reduce the size of large
  hemangioma tumours.
• A low intensity laser beam is used to shrink the
  hemangioma lesion. The affected area is exposed
  to a laser beam to minimise scarring and improve
  the appearance of discoloured skin.
• A gel ointment known as becaplermin is used to
  treat the ulcers on the surface of skin to reduce
  inflammation.

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