Acute Kidney Injury (Renal Failure): Symptoms, Causes and Treatment

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Acute Kidney Injury
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Acute Kidney Injury

• Every organ present inside our body performs
  specific functions, which are useful for
  balancing our health. The kidneys are paired
  organs of the excretory system that assist in the
  elimination of waste materials in the form of
  urine. Regulation of metabolites and secretion of
  specific hormones are other important functions
  performed by the kidneys. Acute Kidney Injury,
  also known as renal failure is marked by rapid
  loss of kidney function.

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Causes of Acute Kidney Injury

• The causes of acute kidney injury are multiple.
  It is characterized by certain stages. The stages
  of acute kidney injury are classified on the
  basis of the decrease in the Glomerular
  Filtration Rate (GFR). Malfunctioning of kidneys
  can be diagnosed by analyzing the GFR. The
  decrease in GFR causes accumulation of metabolic
  waste inside the body, thereby leading to a rise
  in the level of toxicity. Acute kidney injury is
  the first stage and the last stage is known as
  chronic renal failure. The causes of rapid loss
  of kidney function are illustrated below 
• Improper fluid balance
• Elevated potassium levels
• High blood urea nitrogen
• High blood creatinine

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Causes of Acute Kidney Injury
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• Enlargement of prostate gland
• Exposure to toxins
• Low volume of blood
• Low urine production
• Acute tubular necrosis
• Interstitial nephritis
• Acute nephritic syndrome
• Clotting of kidney's blood vessels

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Symptoms of Acute Kidney Injury

• Diagnosis is carried out with blood tests and
  urine tests. The symptoms of acute renal
  failure are associated with a decrease in urine
  production and swelling in specific parts of the
  body. The symptoms are 
• Decreased urine production
• Decreased appetite
• Swelling of ankle, hands, and feet
• Bloody stools
• High blood pressure
• Bleeding of nose
• Nausea
• Vomiting
• Bruising easily

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Symptoms of Acute Kidney Injury
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• Metallic taste in mouth
• Decreased sensation
• Rapid hiccups
• Seizures
• Sluggish movements

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Treatment for Acute Kidney Injury

• The treatment starts once the kidney disease is
  confirmed. Some of the clinical tests include
  analysis of blood urea nitrogen, serum
  creatinine, and creatinine. Since acute kidney
  injury is the initial stage of the kidney
  failure, it can be treated completely with timely
  drug therapy. The treatment is aimed at restoring
  kidney function. Tablets are administered to
  regularize the blood pressure and prevent the
  occurrence of the seizures. One of the vital
  treatment options for regulating the normal
  function of the kidney is dialysis. Dialysis is
  one of the most promising treatment options for
  curing the complications of acute renal failure.
  There are two types of dialysis, namely
  haemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis. In this
  procedure, the dialyser takes over the function
  of the kidney and helps in removal of waste
  products from the body. It also regulates the
  blood pressure inside the body. However, chances
  of complete recovery from the chronic renal
  failure are very less, and it is actually a
  life-threatening condition. 

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Diet responsible for Acute Kidney Injury

• Excessive consumption of protein-rich foods is
  one of the reasons behind a number of kidney
  diseases. Thus, nephrologists advise a limited
  intake of protein. Food like meat, eggs, and
  dairy products should be avoided as much as
  possible while following an ideal acute kidney
  injury diet. Curtailing the consumption of
  protein-rich vegetables is also advised. Foods
  rich in complex carbohydrates like grains,
  cereals, and whole foods, are safe for health.
  Since kidney injury causes deposition of toxins
  and salts inside the body, external intake of
  salts is restricted. You should prepare recipes
  low in sodium, as a high sodium diet will cause
  water retention inside the body. Food items that
  are rich in potassium and phosphorous(cheese,
  baking powder, meat, almonds, etc.) should be
  consumed in minimal amounts. 

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Diet responsible for Acute Kidney Injury
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• A person affected by acute kidney injury must
  follow the nephrologists advice when it comes to
  the use of medications, dialysis, and dietary
  guidelines. Timely diagnosis and treatment can
  certainly lower the risk of complications
  associated with the loss of kidney function.

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