Biomaterials

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Alfa Chemistry
Biomaterials
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Biomaterials are a class of high-tech materials
used to diagnose, repair, or enhance their
function in human tissues and organs, that is,
natural or man-made materials used to replace and
repair living tissues, and their effects are
irreplaceable. Biomaterials can perform, enhance,
or replace a function that is lost due to
illness, injury, and so on, but can not restore a
defective site.
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Category
Metal materials
Such as alkali metals and their alloys
Inorganic materials
Such as bioactive ceramics and hydroxyapatite
Organic materials
Organic materials are mainly polymer aggregate
materials. According to the material properties,
polymer materials are usually divided into
synthetic materials and natural macromolecules.
According to the usage of materials, polymer
materials can be divided into bioinertmaterial,
bioactive material and biodegradable material.
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Characteristics
Biological functionality
Chemical stability
Machinability
Biocompatibility
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Characteristics
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Functionality refers to a series of properties
that a biological material should possess or
complete with a corresponding biological
function. For example, as a slow release drug,
drug release performance is its biological
functionality.
Resistant to biological aging (particularly
stable) or biodegradable (controlled degradation).
Chemical stability
Biological functionality
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Machinability
Biocompatibility
Biocompatibility can be summarized as the
relationship between material and living body,
including blood compatibility and
histocompatibility such as non-toxic,
non-carcinogenic and no immune rejection.).
Machinability means that the material can be
molded and disinfected.
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Applications
Excellent biomedical metal materials include
medical stainless steel, cobalt-based alloys,
titanium and titanium alloys, nickel-titanium
shape memory alloys, precious metals such as gold
and silver, amalgams, niobium, tantalum and other
metals and alloys.
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Applications
Soft tissue materials
Soft tissue materials are primarily used as
materials for soft tissues, especially for
membranes and tubes of artificial organs.
Polyethylene film can be used to make artificial
lungs, kidneys, and the like. Polyester fibers
can be used to make blood vessels, peritoneum,
and the like.
Hard tissue materials
Biomedical polymers
Hard tissue materials including acrylic polymer
silicone rubber can be used to make artificial
bones and artificial joints.
Degradable materials
Degradable material means that the aliphatic
polyester has biodegradability and has been used
for acceptable surgical sutures.
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Applications
Bioceramics
After the bioceramic is implanted into the living
body, the antelope apatite layer can be formed on
the surface of the tissue, so it can be used for
artificially implanting roots, crowns, bone
filling materials and coating materials.
Bioglass
Bioglass can be implanted into the bone defect of
the human body. It can directly bind to the bone
tissue and repair the bone tissue and restore its
function.
Carbon materials
Medical carbon materials are relatively stable in
physiological environments and have been widely
used for the repair of cardiovascular systems,
such as artificial heart valves and artificial
blood vessels. It can also be used as a coating
material for metals and polymers.
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Example
Heart valves
In the United States, 45 of the 250,000 valve
replacement procedures performed annually involve
a mechanical valve implant. The most widely used
valve is a bileaflet disc heart valve, or St.
Jude valve. The mechanics involve two
semicircular discs moving back and forth, with
both allowing the flow of blood as well as the
ability to form a seal against backflow. The
valve is coated with pyrolytic carbon, and
secured to the surrounding tissue with a mesh of
woven fabric called Dacron. The mesh allows for
the body's tissue to grow while incorporating the
valve.
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Example
Heart valves
In the United States, 45 of the 250,000 valve
replacement procedures performed annually involve
a mechanical valve implant. The most widely used
valve is a bileaflet disc heart valve, or St.
Jude valve. The mechanics involve two
semicircular discs moving back and forth, with
both allowing the flow of blood as well as the
ability to form a seal against backflow. The
valve is coated with pyrolytic carbon, and
secured to the surrounding tissue with a mesh of
woven fabric called Dacron. The mesh allows for
the body's tissue to grow while incorporating the
valve.
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Information
Email info_at_alfa-chemistry.com
Telephone [phone]
Address 2200 Smithtown Avenue, Room 1 Ronkonkoma,
NY 11779-7329 USA
Fax [phone]
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