Cancer and oncogenesis

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Cancer Proto-oncogenes, Oncogenes and
Anti-oncogenes
R. C. Gupta M.D.
(Biochemistry) Jaipur, India
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R C G
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RCG
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RCG
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R C G
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Tumours and cancers
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Classification and nomenclature
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Role of DNA in cancer
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Physical agents
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Chemicals agents
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Detection of carcinogens
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Biological agents
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Oncogenes
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Proto-oncogenes
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Functions of proto-oncogenes
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Abnormalities in proto-oncogenes
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Insertion of a promoter
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Insertion of an enhancer
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Gene amplification
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Chromosomal translocation
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Burkitts lymphoma
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Chromo- some 8
myc gene
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Chromo- some 14
myc gene
H chain gene
H chain gene
myc comes under the control of enhancer element
of H chain gene
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Chronic myeloid leukaemia
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Deletion
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RCG
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Point mutation
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RCG
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Proto-oncogenes Oncogenes
Present in healthy cells Present in viruses
Letter c is put before the names of cellular proto-onco-genes Letter v is put before the names of viral oncogenes
c-ras means the ras proto-oncogene v-ras means the ras oncogene
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Origin of some names
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Anti-oncogenes
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p 53 gene
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RB 1 gene
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p 53, RB 1, cell cycle and cancer
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Cyclin B-cdk2
Cyclin A-cdk2
Cyclin E-cdk2
Cyclin D-cdk4
G1
M
S
G2
Cyclin-cdk complexes regulate cell cycle
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G2/M checkpoint
G1/S checkpoint
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Restriction point (R point)
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p 53 is the regulator of G1/S check point
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RCG
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RCG
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pRb regulates R-point transition
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RCG
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BRCA-1 gene
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BRCA-2 gene
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NF-1 gene
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DCC gene
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p 16 gene
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WT-1 gene
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To sum up
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RCG
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Monoclonal origin of cancer
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Cancer cells are monoclonal
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Unique features of cancer cells
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Some other features of cancer cells
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Tumour markers
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Thank you