anime- history

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The Origins, History and Evolution of Anime and
Manga

• Senior Project Presentation by Ivy

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The Origins History of Manga

• The Zen cartoons of the medieval period and the
  comic animal scrolls of the tenth century were
  the very first examples of manga (Japanese
  comics).
• In the 13th century, pictures of the afterlife
  and animals started appearing on temple walls and
  are similar to modern manga.
• From there, manga started to branch out to many
  other subjects.
• The manga drawn on wood blocks in the 1600's was
  known as edo.
• Edo was often graphically erotic, but branched
  out to encompass other subjects like buildings
  and satire

Above Example of Edo. Below example of Animal
Scrolls, choujuugiga
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In 1815, the term manga came into existence.
Man" meaning in spite of oneself or
whimsical, and "ga" meaning picture.

• The next kind of manga, emerging in the 16th
  century, were ink brushed illustrated prints with
  captions, but it lacked a progressive story.
• Because of the censorship in Japan during the
  late 1920's and early 30's the Japanese
  government began to intimidate artists and
  publishers. The result was the closing-down or
  extreme censoring of magazines.
• To say what needed to be said, "jail editors"
  would take the blame for publishing a comic that
  criticized the government and went to jail.
• Tezuka debuted with a comic book in 1947, New
  Treasure Island, an Akahon (a cheap "Red Book").
  
• Akahon was a niche industry that provided
  entertainment to the poor children of post-war
  Japan. New Treasure Island sold an unprecedented
  400,000 copies, changing the face of manga
  forever.

Above Tezukas New Treasure Island. Below
Hokusais Great Wave wood block, a very famous
manga.
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The Origins History of Anime
1960-1970

• In 1963, Tetsuwan Atomu (the Japanese name for
  Astroboy, means Mighty Atom) came out as a
  television series. This was the first anime.
  Astroboy was a robot that wished to be a real
  boy.
• Next hit anime to come down the pike was Speed
  Racer In 1967.
• Hi No Tori (Bird of Fire) was Tezukas greatest
  work, (not Astroboy) in America known as Phoenix
  2772.

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Anime is just what the Japanese call Animation in
general.
1970-1980
The end of the 70s brought Captain Harlock Space
Pirate, Space Cruiser Yamato and Galaxy Express
which fused drama and high adventure like no
other before. Mobile Suit Gundam turned industry
upside down with its character development,
"Newtypes" and "one of the greatest stories ever
told in anime" (Right Stuf International).
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1980-1990
The golden years of anime

• In 1981, Rumiko Takahashi's Urusei Yatsura
  (Those Obnoxious Aliens) was a hit, as well
  Maison Ikkoku and Ranma F.
• It was Carl Macek got "Robotech" (Macross)
  syndicated for American TV, which triggered Third
  Wave fandom. Macross was a hit.
• There were several highly popular films put out
  in the mid 80s Miyazaki's "Nausïca of the Valley
  of the Wind", Castle in the Sky" Urusei
  Yatsura "Only You" and "Beautiful Dreamer" "My
  Youth in Arcadia", "Queen Millenia Movie."
• The first video players/recorders came out during
  this time.
• Following video players came a new way to make
  anime at a much lower cost. OVA's (Original Video
  Animation) were cheaper to make and saved failing
  studios.

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1990-2000

• By 1990s anime was influencing and influenced by
  Western culture a cross-pollination that
  enriches and complicates anime
• . At about this time, anime was getting a bad rep
  thanks to the LA Times and Fox News calling anime
  an assault an American Morals.
• From 1991-1995 leaps were made in the technology
  of animation. But not much was going on otherwise
  except for the success of Macross and Giant
  Robo.
• Finally, US anime licensers, those that legally
  bring anime to US fans, are gaining a foot hold
  in the American market.

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Anime REvolution

• Because Tezuka animated for Disney and was
  influenced by their animation and that of Max
  Fleischer.
• Tezukas design was reminiscent of the Disney
  style of that era, but the nose was made smaller
  and the eyes slightly bigger, to show more
  emotion.
• After Astroboys success, other artists began
  drawing anime to suit their own ideas of this up
  and coming art form.
• Leiji Matsumoto's new design, which was based on
  a French singer, motivated other artists to
  create new styles of anime during the 1970s

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From here, who knows to what bounds anime and
manga will expand?

• At the end of the 80s, Rumiko Takahashis Ranma
  ½ (aka Ranma F) was a huge success. During the
  early 1990's, Takahashi's design caused quite an
  uproar and everyone wanted to copy this style.
  (McPherson)
• Later, the popular style was that of Gundam Wing
  and Evangelion. Anime artists and studios,
  sticking with this style, eventually lead to the
  end of the cash crunch in 1996.
• Considering the progression of anime since its
  beginning, the most logical turn for anime in the
  future is computer animation.
• Anime and manga is already integrating with the
  digital age. interactive games are becoming more
  frequent.

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Citations

• "A Global History of Anime." 2000. The Right Stuf
  International. The Right Stuf International. 23
  Nov. 2004 lthttp//www.rightstuf.com/resource/glob
  alhistory.shtmlgt.
• "Anime Terms!." Kawaii Anime Manga Page. 23
  Nov. 2004 lthttp//www.angelfire.com/anime2/kawaii
  animemangapage/termspage.htmlgt.
• Cirulnick, Brian. "HISTORY OF ANIME Osamu Tezuka
  ." TAP anime. 23 Nov. 2004 lthttp//www.tapanime.c
  om/info/history.htmlgt.
• Hadad, Ivan . "Glossary." Anime and American
  Cartoons. 23 Nov. 2004 lthttp//www.honors.uiuc.ed
  u/ealc15097/Hiten-Ivan/glossary.htmgt.
• McPherson, Mark. "The Evolution of Anime." 5
  2004. Anime Bordom. 23 Nov. 2004
  lthttp//www.animeboredom.co.uk/anime-articles/18/
  gt.
• Napier, Susan J. Anime from Akira to Princess
  Mononoke. New York PALGRAVE, 2000.
• "The History of Manga." TAP anime. TAP anime. 23
  Nov. 2004 lthttp//www.tapanime.com/info/historym.h
  tmlgt.
• "What do all of the weird words used on these
  pages mean?" 23 Nov. 2004 lthttp//people.uleth.ca
  /jams.club/glossary.htmlgt.
• The Anime Encyclopedia A Guide to Japanese
  Animation Since 1917 by Jonathan Clements, Helen
  McCarthy. Stone Bridge Press, September 1, 2001.

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