Types of Cataracts

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Types of Cataracts
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You usually get cataracts when you're older, but
not always. They can show up at birth, after an
injury, or because you have another health
problem. There are many different types, but they
all have one thing in common a cloudy lens --
the part of your eye that helps you focus
light. As a cataract starts growing, it gets
harder and harder to see clearly. Your doctor
will talk with you about the type you have, and
help you figure out your treatment options.
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Anterior Subcapsular Cataracts
This type forms just inside the front of your
lens capsule. An injury or swelling in your eye
can lead to one. So can a type of eczema called
atopic dermatitis.
Congenital Cataracts
These are cataracts you're born with or that form
when you're a child. Some are linked to your
genes, and others are due to an illness, like
rubella, that your mother had during
pregnancy. When they're small or outside the
center of the lens, they may not need treatment.
But when a baby's born with one that blocks
vision, a doctor needs to remove it because it
can stop the eye from learning to see.
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Traumatic Cataracts
Many kinds of injuries can lead to a cataract.
You can get one if you're hit in the eye by a
ball or get hurt from a burn, chemical, or
splinter.
The cataract could come on soon after the injury
or not show up until years later.
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Secondary Cataracts
When another condition or a medical treatment
leads to a cataract, doctors call it secondary.
Diabetes, taking steroids like prednisone, and
even cataract surgery are possible causes. When
you get one after cataract surgery, it's called a
posterior capsule opacification (PCO). Your
doctor can treat it with a quick procedure called
YAG laser capsulotomy.
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Radiation Cataracts
You may know it's important to protect your skin
from the sun's ultraviolet (UV) radiation, but it
can take a toll on your eyes, too. You can
sometimes get cataracts if you spend too much
time in the sun without eye protection. People
who work outdoors, like fishermen and farmers,
are more likely to get this kind of cataract. To
prevent it, wear sunglasses with 100 UVA and UVB
protection. Cataracts are also a possible side
effect from radiation therapy for cancer.
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Lamellar or Zonular Cataracts
This type typically shows up in younger children
and in both eyes. The genes that cause them are
passed from parent to child. These cataracts
form fine white dots in the middle of the lens
and may take on a Y shape. Over time, the whole
center of the lens may turn white.
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Posterior Polar Cataracts
You get these on the back center of your lens,
and they're often due to genes that are passed
down through your family.
Posterior polar cataracts often don't cause
symptoms, which is a big plus since they're hard
to remove.
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Anterior Polar Cataracts
They form on the front and center of your lens,
and look like small white dots. The good news is
that these cataracts typically don't bother your
vision.
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Post-Vitrectomy Cataracts
Vitrectomy is surgery to remove your vitreous,
the clear gel at the center of your eye. The
operation can help with certain eye problems but
may lead to a cataract.
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