Dr. Shimaa Saied

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Competency-based Medical Bachelor Program
CBMBP
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Preventive medicine For undergraduates Y2
Ass. Prof. Shimaa Saied P
Public health Community Medicine
Department
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1. Define preventive medicine and recognize its
importance as a main medical branch. 2.
Identify the primary level of prevention as a
basic preventive level. 3. Identify the
secondary level of prevention. 4. Identify the
tertiary level of prevention.
Course ILOs
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5. Recognize and identify target population for
each preventive level. 6. Recognize preventive
medicine practices in the medical field. 7.
Acquire skills needed to inform and educate
people about prevention of common health problems
and influence the community to adopt healthy
behaviours.9. Apply the skills needed to
prevent the common community-based health
problems.
Course ILOs
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Introduction to preventive medicine
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1. Identify basic concepts of preventive
medicine2. Define preventive medicine and
recognize its importance as a main medical
branch3. Identify the primary level of
prevention as a basic preventive level.
Session ILOs
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Concepts of Health Disease and Prevention
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What is preventive medicine?
What is definition of Health??
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WHO Definition

• Health is a state of complete physical, mental
  and social wellbeing and not merely an absence of
  disease or infirmity.
• now added
• the ability to lead a socially and economically
  productive life.
• The concept of health as defined by WHO is broad
  and sets out the standard, the standard of
  positive health.

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SPECTRUM OF HEALTH
Positive health
Better health
Freedom from sickness
Unrecognized sickness
Mild sickness
Severe sickness
Death
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DETERMINANTS OF HEALTH
Biological
Behavioral sociocultural condition
Other factors
Health
Environment
Gender
Socioeconomic
Age
Health services
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What is preventive medicine?
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What is preventive medicine?

• The branch of medicine dealing with the
  prevention of disease and the maintenance of good
  health practices.

http//www.encyclopedia.com/html/p1/preventi.asp
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Preventive medicine

• - The goal of preventive medicine is to promote,
  to preserve, to restore health when it is
  impaired to minimize suffering distress.
• - The objective of preventive medicine is to
  oppose the cause thereby the disease process.

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Cure
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Disease prevention

• Activities designed to protect patients and other
  members of the public from actual or potential
  health threats and their harmful consequences.
• (Mosbys Medical Dictionary, 8th edition 2009)
• Preventive medicine focuses on the health of
  individuals, communities, and defined
  populations. Its goal is to protect, promote, and
  maintain health and well-being and to prevent
  disease, disability, and death

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Determinants of Prevention

• Successful prevention depends upon
• A knowledge of causation,
• Dynamics of transmission,
• Identification of risk factors and risk groups,
• Availability of prophylactic or early detection
  and treatment measures,
• An organization for applying these measures to
  appropriate persons or groups, and
• Continuous evaluation of and development of
  procedures applied

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Preventable Causes of Disease

• BEINGS
• Biological factors and Behavioral Factors
• Environmental factors
• Immunologic factors
• Nutritional factors
• Genetic factors
• Services, Social factors, and Spiritual factors
• JF Jekel, Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and
  Preventive Medicine, 1996

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Leavells Levels of Prevention
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Levels of prevention
Primordial prevention
Primary prevention
Secondary prevention
Tertiary prevention
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Primordial prevention

• Primordial prevention consists of actions and
  measures that inhibit the emergence of risk
  factors in the form of environmental, economic,
  social, and behavioral conditions and cultural
  patterns of living etc.
• For example, many adult health problems (e.g.,
  obesity, hypertension) have their early origins
  in childhood, because this is the time when
  lifestyles are formed (for example, smoking,
  eating patterns, physical exercise).

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Primordial prevention

• In primordial prevention, efforts are directed
  towards discouraging children from adopting
  harmful lifestyles
• The main intervention in primordial prevention is
  through individual and mass education

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Primary prevention
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Primary prevention (cont.)
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Approaches for Primary Prevention

• The WHO has recommended the following approaches
  for the primary prevention of chronic diseases
  where the risk factors are established
• a. Population (mass) strategy
• b. High -risk strategy

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Population (mass) strategy

• Population strategy" is directed at the whole
  population irrespective of individual risk
  levels.
• For example, studies have shown that even a small
  reduction in the average blood pressure or serum
  cholesterol of a population would produce a large
  reduction in the incidence of cardiovascular
  disease
• The population approach is directed towards
  socio-economic, behavioral and lifestyle changes

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High -risk strategy
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MODES OF INTERVENTION
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