Rectal polyp treatment-Meddco

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Rectal Polyp Treatment
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Introduction

• Polyps are abnormal growths rising from the
  lining of the large intestine (colon or rectum).
• The rectum is the last 12 inches of the large
  intestine.   Polyps may be flat (sessile) or
  develop on a stalk like broccoli.
• This is called a pedunculated polyp. Polyps are
  one of the most common conditions affecting the
  large intestine occurring in 15-20 percent of the
  adult population.
• Most polyps are asymptomatic and never turn into
  cancer. However, a small percentage of polyps can
  slowly grow and develop over 8-10 years into
  rectal cancer.
• Almost all rectal cancers develop from polyps.

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Types and Size

• Types

• Size

• Tubular adenoma - 5 risk of cancer
• Tubulo-villous adenoma 20 risk of cancer
• Villous adenoma 40 risk of cancer

• lt1cm - lt1 risk of cancer
• 1-2cm 10 risk of cancer
• gt2cm 15 risk of cancer

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Symptoms

• Rectal polyps are usually not associated with
  symptoms.
• When they occur, symptoms include rectal
  bleeding, bloody stools, mucous discharge, mass,
  protrusion from the anus, and abdominal pain.
• A change in bowel habits may occur including
  constipation and diarrhea.

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Causes

• Polyps are found in about 30 of the adult
  population over the age of 45-50. Men and women
  of all ethnicities are at risk of Rectal polyps
  and Rectal cancer
• Smoking
• Excess alcohol ingestion (drinking too much
  alcohol)
• Not exercising
• Being overweight
• Eating processed foods and too much red meat
  (instead of a mostly plant-based food plan)

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Treatment

• Most polyps can be removed simply and safely at
  the time of your colonoscopy.
• Colonoscopies can actually prevent cancer from
  developing by removing the polyps before they
  become cancerous.
• If a rectal polyp is too large it may require
  surgical intervention. If the polyp is low in the
  rectum, it can be removed by Trans Anal excision.
  
• Under general anesthesia, the polyp is removed
  through the rectum with minimal discomfort and a
  quick recovery.
• Many times this can be done as an outpatient or
  overnight stay.
• If the polyp is higher in the rectum, it can be
  removed with a new technique, TAMIS which stands
  for Trans Anal Minimally Invasive Surgery.

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Preventation

• Avoid excess alcohol and do not smoke tobacco.
• Lose any extra weight to normalize your body mass
  index.
• Eat at least 3-5 servings of fruits and
  vegetables a day.
• Avoid fatty and processed foods and red meat in
  excess.
• Exerciseincluding at least 150 minutes of
  moderate aerobic activity and 2 sessions of
  muscle strengthening per week.

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