Identifying Active Components

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EST 130, Identifying Active Components

• CEC

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Contents

• Introduction.
• Vaccum Tubes
• Semiconductor PN Junction Diodes.
• - Silicon Diodes.
• - Germanium Diodes.
• Zener Diodes.
• Bipolar Junction Transistors.
• Field Effect Transistors.
• Integrated Circuits.

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Electronic Component

• Wikipedia says
• An electronic component is any basic discrete
  device or physical entity in an electronic system
  used to affect electrons or their associated
  fields.

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Electronic Components

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Active Components

• Tube Devices or Semiconductor Devices.
• Voltage Controlled or Current Controlled.
• Vaccum Tubes, Diodes, Transistors, Field Effect
  Transistors, Thyristors, Integrated Circuits etc.
• Rely on a source of energy usually from a DC
  power supply.
• Can inject power into a circuit.
• Capable of amplification.

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Vaccum Tubes

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Vaccum Triode

Cathode emits electrons when heated by applying
voltage, Anode collects, flow of current
controlled by applying voltage to control gird.
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Silicon Semiconductor Diodes

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Silicon Semiconductor Diodes

• 1N 4001
• 1N means one junction between P-type and
  N-type.400 means serial number of the
  rectifier.1 means 1 Ampere current rating.
• BY 127
• B means silicon diode
• Y means rectifier, 127 is the serial
• number.

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Semiconductor Diodes

BY 126 B Silicon, Y Rectifier 126 Serial
No.
BY 126
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Silicon Semiconductor Diodes

Unidirectional
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Diode Characteristics

Cut in voltages Silicon 0.6 V. Germanium
0.2 V.
Conducts when forward biased. Only leakage
current flows when reverse biased.
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Types of Semiconductor Diodes

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Germanium Diodes
.

Used for demodulation in radio receivers.

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Germanium Diode

• Point Contact Diodes
• OA 79
• O means cold cathode (no heating).
• A means low current diode.
• 79 Loctal Lorenz an all-glass wire (fly-leads
  in place of pins) subminiatures.
• Courtesy
• MullardPhilips tube designation.
• https//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MullardE28093Phil
  ips_tube_designation

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Types of Semiconductor Diodes

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Semiconductor Diode Symbols

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Semiconductor Diode

Forward Bias
Reverse Bias
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K
A
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Surface Mount Diodes

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Applications

• In rectifiers/regulated power supplies.
• In wave shaping circuits.
• For surge protection.
• For unidirectional current flow.
• In clampers/voltage multipliers.
• Can construct basic logic gates.

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Zener Diodes

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Zener Diodes
Standard Voltage Ratings 2.2 V, 2.7 V, 3.3 V,
4.7 V, 5.1 V, 5.6 V, 6.8 V, 8.2 V etc _at_ standard
wattage ratings.
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Zener Diodes

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Zener Diodes

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Zener Voltage Regulator

As normal diode under forward bias. Normally
operated under reverse bias. Breaks down under
reverse bias. In voltage regulators and limiters,
waveshaping circuits.
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Zener Diode for Circuit Protection

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Bipolar Junction Transistors

• Current Controlled Device.
• Bipolar device.
• Three terminals Emitter, Base and Collector.
• PNP and NPN Transistors - Two PN Junctions.
• Germanium and Silicon transistors.
• Audio Frequency Transistors.
• Radio Frequency Transistors.
• Power Transistors.

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Silicon NPN Transistors

BC 107 NPN Transistor B Silicon. C Audio
Frequency Low Power Transistor. 107 Serial
Number, for domestic use. TO-18 package.
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Silicon NPN Transistors

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Silicon NPN Transistors

Arrow pointed outwards
SL 100 NPN Transistor
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Silicon PNP Transistor

C
B
E
E
Arrow pointed inwards
SK 100 Silicon PNP Transistor
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Transistor Symbols

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Germanium Transistors

AC 128 A Germanium. C Audio frequency low
power . 128 serial number, domestic use
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Power Transistors

NPN Transistor
2N 3055 2N Two PN Junctions. 3055 Serial No.
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High Frequency Transistors

BF 194/494 B Silicon. F High Frequency Low
Power. 194 Serial No.
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Field Effect Transistors

• Voltage Controlled Device.
• Unipolar Device.
• High Input Impedance.
• Source, Drain Gate and Body/Shield.
• Junction Field Effect Transistor (JFET).
• N Channel and P Channel JFETs.
• Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor
  (MOSFET).
• N Channel and P Channel MOSFETs.

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Junction Field Effect Transistors

BFW 10, N Channel Junction Field Effect
Transistor.
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Junction Field Effect Transistor

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MOSFET

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Applications of Transistors

• In amplifiers and other electronic circuits.
• In oscillator circuits.
• In domestic and industrial equipments.
• In audio frequency and high frequency circuits.
• In voltage follower circuits.

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Thyristors

Applications Fan Speed Control. Light Dimmer.
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Integrated Circuit Chip

Dual In Line Package, May contain millions of
transistors on a single chip, Can be Analog or
Digital.
Pins numbered counterclockwise
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Integrated Circuit Chip

Surface Mount Chip
Single In Line Package
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Different IC Packages

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EPROM Memory Chip

Electrically Programmable Read Only Memory Erased
using Ultraviolet Rays through the window.
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IC on a Bread Board

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Thank You