Original research article | Publication support

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Exploring Environmental Psychology for a
Successful Sustainable Future
An Academic presentation by Dr. Nancy Agnes,
Head, Technical Operations, Phdassistance Group
www.phdassistance.com Email info_at_phdassistance.co
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Introduction to Environmental Psychology

• Environmental psychology is a subfield of
  psychology that examines how people interact with
  their environment and how their surroundings
  affect their thoughts, feelings, and behaviours.

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Psychological Effects of The Environment

• Nature typically comes to mind when people think
  about the environment. But in environmental
  psychology, the term "environment" encompasses
  both natural and artificial contexts.
• 'Human-made environment' can relate to everything
  from businesses and classrooms to schools,
  hospitals, neighbourhoods, and even spaces inside
  the house. Typically, natural habitats include
  the great outdoors.

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Theories of Environmental Psychology
Six environmental psychology theories are
regularly utilized.
Ecological theory

• Ecological theory suggests a symbiotic
  relationship between a person and their
  environment, where a person's behaviour may not
  change if their environment changes.
• Roger Barker's study on students' behaviour in
  small and large schools revealed that those who
  took on multiple roles in smaller schools were
  equally interested in taking on different roles
  in larger schools.

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Adaptation level theory

• The Adaptation level theory suggests that people
  adapt to a certain level of stimulation from
  their environment, with a 'right' amount of
  stimulation.
• A classroom study found that children were more
  disruptive when the teacher ratio was high while
  less disruptive when it was low.
• The 'right' ratio was 18-22 children per teacher.
  
• This place attachment theory interior design
  impacts how much stimulation people need to act
  in desired ways and helps environmental
  psychology examples understand why people may not
  prioritize environmentalism and sustainable
  future ideas in their daily lives.

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Arousal theory

• Arousal theory suggests that people's behaviour
  is influenced by their psychological arousedness
  by their environment.
• It suggests that individuals have an optimum
  level of excitement, and their behaviour changes
  based on this level.
• Those with higher arousal tend to engage in
  riskier behaviours, while those with lower levels
  are more satisfied with less exciting or risky
  situations.
• This theory has significant implications for
  place theory psychology definition of
  environmental PhD Dissertation psychology theory,
  as individuals with lower arousal levels may be
  less motivated to change their behaviour.

Contd
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Behavioral constraint theory

• Behavioural constraint theory suggests that
  individuals may react to stress by escaping it or
  coping better with it.
• This theory can be applied to populations
  affected by climate change, such as those in
  flood-prone areas.
• Some may move to other areas, while others focus
  on flood-proofing their homes. Some may choose to
  do nothing at all, feeling powerless and unable
  to change due to the global phenomenon personally.

Environmental stress theory

• Environmental stress theory suggests that people
  respond to external stimuli, whether real or
  imagined, as a threat.
• Extreme stress can lead to negative reactions in
  future situations, as seen in bushfires, where
  hot weather and wind can trigger stress
  regardless of the threat.

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Environmental load theory

• Environmental load theory suggests that humans
  can only process a certain amount of information
  at a time, leading to tunnel vision for certain
  ideas.
• This can lead to focusing on incorrect
  information and ignoring counterarguments. For
  instance, social media's distribution of climate
  change denial information can create a vortex
  where people see and believe only information
  that supports their current worldview,
  highlighting the dangers of tunnel vision in the
  environmental realm.

Psychological approaches to environmental
transformation

• While climate change has many negative
  psychological effects, psychology may also be
  utilized to understand better why some
  individuals do not live sustainably and to urge
  them to do so.
• The Australian Psychological Society, for
  example, has introduced the A.C.T.I.V.A.T.E.
  framework, which is intended to assist
  individuals in addressing and coping with climate
  change stresses while remaining active in
  advocating for sustainability.

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Future Directions and Challenges

• Research design has demonstrated the benefits of
  immersion in natural environments on
  psychological well-being (Cox et al., 2017
  Shanahan et al., 2016).
• For example, Shanahan et al. (2016) discovered
  that visits to natural places were related to
  lower community rates of depression and high
  blood pressure. In contrast, Lee et al. (2011)
  found that exposure to a forest setting vs an
  urban environment significantly boosted the
  strength of pleasant sentiments while decreasing
  negative feelings. Negative affect and stress
  reduction, anxiety reduction, increases in
  pleasant emotions, attention restoration,
  enhanced creativity, and mortality reduction have
  all been discovered to be advantages of nature
  immersion.

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