PDF/READ❤ Mutual Aid: A Factor of Evolution

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Mutual Aid A Factor of Evolution
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Mutual Aid A Factor of Evolution
Sinopsis
Pyotr Kropotkin (1842-1921), one of the most
individual political figures of his time, is
best known as an influential anarchist communist.
But he was also a scientist, geographer and
philosopher, a man who, having grown up on his
aristocratic father8217sextensive country
estate in Russia, had a deep understanding of and
love for animals (wild and domesticated), the
countryside and wildernesses. And all this was
underpinned by a life committed to work for the
good of humanity. Though his two best-known
works, The Conquest of Bread and Fields,
Factories and Workshops,are revolutionary
economic texts, Mutual Aid, a collection of
essays published in 1902, is a jewel of another
kind. In it, Kropotkin argues that
Darwin8217sviews on evolution and the survival
of the fittest show only one aspect of life on
planet Earth. Taking a kindlier - but equally
scientific - look at the existence and growth of
societies, both animal and human, Kropotkin takes
great pains to demonstrate that the principal of
mutual aid is just as important a feature in life
on Earth - in fact, even more important. In this
most engaging, absorbing and even endearing book,
Kropotkin shows that societies evolve and
develop better though the principle of mutual
aid than by challenge, conflict and conquest. His
chapter headings provide the overview
'Mutual Aid Among Animals', 'Among Savages',
'Among the Barbarians', 'In the Medieval City',
and 'Amongst Ourselves'. His positive and
uplifting conclusion is clear 8216Inthe
practice of mutual aid, which we can retrace to
the earliest beginnings of man, mutual support -
not
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mutual struggle - has had the leading part. In
its wide extension, even at the present time, we
also see the best guarantee of a still loftier
evolution of our race.8217This humane attitude
was the driver behind his politics, because
Kropotkin the scientist was also very much a
political personality. But Mutual Aid is
endlessly entertaining and informative because
it contains thousands of well-documented examples
of his thesis, whether drawn from colonies of
ants and bees, or 8216muual protection among
small birds or rodents and ruminants Bushmen,
Eskimos, Caucasian mountaineers village life in
Switzerland, Germany or from the history of
Guilds and trade unions.8217Mutual Aid - A
Factor of Evolution is a classic that should be
far more widely known and appreciated.
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Pyotr Kropotkin (1842-1921), one of the most
individual political figures of his time, is
best known as an influential anarchist communist.
But he was also a scientist, geographer and
philosopher, a man who, having grown up on his
aristocratic father8217sextensive country
estate in Russia, had a deep understanding of and
love for animals (wild and domesticated), the
countryside and wildernesses. And all this was
underpinned by a life committed to work for the
good of humanity. Though his two best-known
works, The Conquest of Bread and Fields,
Factories and Workshops,are revolutionary
economic texts,
8
Mutual Aid, a collection of essays published in
1902, is a jewel of another kind. In
it, Kropotkin argues that Darwin8217sviews on
evolution and the survival of the fittest show
only one aspect of life on planet Earth. Taking
a kindlier - but equally scientific - look at the
existence and growth of societies, both animal
and human, Kropotkin takes great pains to
demonstrate that the principal of mutual aid is
just as important a feature in life on Earth - in
fact, even more important. In this most
engaging, absorbing and even endearing book,
Kropotkin shows that societies evolve and
develop better though the principle of mutual aid
than by challenge, conflict and conquest. His
chapter headings provide the overview 'Mutual
Aid Among Animals', 'Among Savages', 'Among the
Barbarians', 'In the Medieval City', and 'Amongst
Ourselves'. His positive and uplifting conclusion
is clear 8216Inthe practice of mutual aid,
which we can retrace to the earliest beginnings
of man, mutual support - not mutual struggle -
has had the leading part. In its wide extension,
even at the present time, we also see the best
guarantee of a still loftier evolution of our
race.8217This humane attitude was the driver
behind his politics, because Kropotkin the
scientist was also very much a political
personality. But Mutual Aid is endlessly
entertaining and informative because it contains
thousands of well-documented examples of his
thesis, whether drawn from colonies of ants and
bees, or 8216muual protection among small birds
or rodents and ruminants Bushmen, Eskimos,
Caucasian mountaineers village life in
Switzerland, Germany or from the history of
Guilds and trade unions.8217Mutual Aid - A
Factor of Evolution is a classic that should be
far more widely known and appreciated.