Pretzels in Art 2

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Pretzels
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Schwaz (Tyrol) City parish church
Schwaz (Tyrol) City parish church Stained glass
window (1510s) with coats of arms of the bakers
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Ceramic figural pretzel flask
Foust pottery salted pretzel flask
Ceramic figural pretzel flask
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Alex Strachan - Clay Pretzel
Ceramic figural pretzel flask
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Auntie Anne's ceramic pretzel
Advertising sign restaurant
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Sign in Stockholm Kringle is a Scandinavian
pastry, a Nordic variety of pretzel
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Glass Collection - Corning Museum of Glass New
York (dedicated to the art, history and science
of glass, it was founded in 1951 by Corning Glass
Works and currently has a collection of more than
50,000 glass objects, some over 3,500 years old)
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Glass Collection - Corning Museum of Glass New
York
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Glass Collection - Corning Museum of Glass New
York
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German fairy tale forest Altenberg,
Märchenwaldweg 15 in Altenberg, Odenthal
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Hortus Deliciarum shows a pretzel at a banquet
for the Persian King Ahasuerus and Queen Esther
but several websites claim that the Vatican
Library has a 5th century manuscript of Virgil
with a pretzel illustration, Codex no. 3867,
mentioned in several discussions of the history
of the pretzel (brezel)
One of the oldest depictions of pretzels in the
Hortus Deliciarum of 1190 showing Queen Esther
and King Ahasuerus sharing a meal. The king is
pointing at the ale cans and dart board not shown
in the detail
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Pretzels have been around for almost 1,400 years.
History has their origin about A.D. 610 when a
baker in a monastery in southern France or
northern Italy twisted leftover strips of bread
dough into the shape of a persons arms crossed
in prayer, traditional posture for prayer in
those days. Monks began offering the warm, doughy
treats to children who had memorized their Bible
verses and prayers. They were used to help
children understand the Christian Trinity of
Father, Son and Holy Ghost. The three empty holes
in the pretzel represented the Christian Trinity.
The monks called these treats pretiolas, Latin
for little rewards
Bread in the Middle Ages German monk showing his
loaves Stadtbibliothek Nürnberg
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A Portable Oven Arte medieval
The little knotted treat wandered around a while
and  became known in old high German as
Brachiatellium, and then just plain Bretzel or
Pretzel. Medieval people would ride out and greet
vendors traveling to the various fairs and offer
them pewter pitchers of wine and crisp dough
impaled on spears called Geleit-pretzels.
The Last Supper, from a bishops benedictional
made in Bavaria, Germany, ca. 103040 J. Paul
Getty Museum, Los Angeles
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The Last Supper, from a Gospel Lectionary made in
the Abbey of St. Peter in Salzburg, ca.
1150 Morgan Library, New York
Martin Schaffner (German, 14781548), Last
Supper, 1515 Augsburg, Staatsgalerie
(Katharinenkirche)
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Fresco at the Church of St. Valentine, Termeno,
Italy, ca. 142030 Santa Maria della Neve,
Pisogne
Metal engraving, Bavaria, 1460
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Detail from The Battle between Carnival and Lent
by Pieter Bruegel, 1559
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Pieter Bruegel the Elder (Flemish, 1525 - 1569)
The Battle between Carnival and Lent,
1559 Kunsthistorisches Museum, Vienna, Austria
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In all Catholic countries, the  bread culture
became highly developed because of meatless
holidays, and since pretzels didnt have any
ingredients that were taboo during the pre-Easter
season such as eggs, milk, butter or lard, the
pretzel became a popular Lenten food throughout
the Middle Ages. Plus, the white Brezl was
popular for its keeping qualities. It was thick,
satisfying and transported easily. The East
Prussian Salzburger settlers kept the originally
Catholic Brezl, but added yeast and raisins and
let it rise on a metal tin, eating it on the day
before the highest holiday of the Evangelist
church, Karfreitag. The success of the pretiola
spread to monasteries throughout the French and
Italian wine regions and crossed over the Alps to
Austria and Germany, where it became known as the
bretzel, or pretzel
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The pretzel became an important symbol in church
life. A page from a prayer book of Catherine of
Cleves depicts St. Bartholomew surrounded by
pretzels, which were thought to bring good
fortune, prosperity and spiritual wholeness to
those who ate them
A Portable Oven Arte medieval - Poland
St. Bartholomew, from the Hours of Catherine of
Cleves, Utrecht, The Netherlands, ca. 1440 Morgan
Library, New York
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Pretzels were a convenient way to give food to
the poor and became typical alms for the hungry.
Those who gave pretzels away were considered
particularly blessed. They became such a sacred
symbol that they were often packed into coffins
1568
King Frederick the Great, Frederick II buys bread
and pretzel for the poor people
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A special recognition was given to the pretzel
bakers in Europa. Legend has it, that in 1323,
Emperor Ludwig of Bavaria awarded bakers an
official coat of arms for their participation in
the Battle of Mühldorf. At the center of their
banner, the image of a pretzel. In 1348, the
pretzel of their crest was overlaid with the
Bohemian royal crown above it. For their services
during the first Turkish siege of Vienna, in
1529, two lions on either side were added. As the
story goes, during the siege, the Ottoman Turks
dug a tunnel under the city wall at night. The
pretzel bakers who were awake and busy baking
when the wall was breeched are said to have
heard the sound of digging first, and, when the
Turks broke through, they fought like lions. 
For saving the city, they were awarded the two
lions on their guilds coat of arms. In 1690, in
recognition of their services during the second
Turkish siege, Emperor Leopold gave the bakers
guild permission to arm the lions with swords.
Brunnenstraße in Leer (Ostfriesland)
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Pretzels have long been integrated into the
Christian faith. By the 16th century, it had
become tradition to eat pretzels on Good Friday
in Germany, and Catholics once considered them
the official food of lent. Earlier laws of the
Church stated that only one meal a day was to be
eaten during lent and the food couldnt come from
an animal. Yet another origin story says that
pretzels were developed as a food for lent.
Whether or not this is true, pretzels did become
a popular staple during the holiday because it
was easy to make and fulfilled the Churchs
guidelines
Jacob Fobsen Van Es (1596-1666) Déjeuner de
poissons - Musée des Beaux-Arts de Nancy
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Pretzels in the cobbles of Freiburg's Old Town
The pretzel has been in use as an emblem of
bakers and formerly their guilds in Europe since
at least the 12th century
Bakers' Guild Windows (Munster Freiburg)
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Bakers' Guild Windows (Munster Freiburg)
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Mosaics in Freiburg representing the bakers guild
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15th century Gothic Dinkelsbuhl cathedral
Corporation of bakers, Austria Seal dating from
the end of the 16th century
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Bakers window from the Munich Cathedral
Prague, Czech Republic
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The golden pretzel in the Munich Frauenkirche,
Germany
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The many of the baker's guilds adopted the
pretzel for a symbol 
The golden pretzel in the Munich Frauenkirche
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Bear with bretzel, insigne from gingerbread
bakers in Middle age. Associated with the bear
(which eats honey, an ingredient in gingerbread),
the pretzel becomes the emblem of the corporation
of gingerbread
Prague old town
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Alsace bakers corporation
Karlsruhe-Durlach, Germany
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The Staffordshire knot is the traditional symbol
of the English county of Staffordshire
Staffordshire
Brownhills Town Entrance sculpture by John McKenna
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Abraham Bloemaert (1564-1651) Two boys singing
from sheet of paper
Fortunat Bergant (17211769) Prestar The
National Gallery of Slovenia
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The pretzel has maybe its origins as an official
food of Lent. However, much of the information
available is based on tradition that has been
handed down through the ages.
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Luis Melendez (Spanish, 1716 - 1780) Still Life
with Box of Jelly, Bread, Salver with Glass and
Cooler. Prado
Flegel - Still life with Pretzels, Nuts and
Almonds
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Luis Melendez (Spanish, 1716 - 1780) Still Life
with Plums, Figs and Bread Prado Museum
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Nicolaes Gillis (15951632) A laid table
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Clara Peeters (Dutch, 1594 - 1658) Still Life
with Cheeses, Almonds and Pretzels, 1685
Mauritshuis
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Clara Peeters (Dutch, 1594 - 1658) Still life
with cheese, bread and pretzels
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Clara Peeters (Dutch, 1594 - 1658) Still Life
with Nuts, Candy and Flowers, 1611, (Prado Museum)
Still life painter Clara Peeters loved to insert
small self-portraits on shiny surfaces her
paintings. In this 1611 painting she went a bit
overboard there are at least 6 reflections of
her in the goblet in the center of the painting
and several more in the pewter tankard
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Clara Peeters (Dutch, 1594 - 1658) Still Life
with Nuts, Candy and Flowers, 1611, (Prado Museum)
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Clara Peeters (Dutch, 1594 - 1658) Still Life,
1607
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Emblem Denmark
Jan van Bijler (Dutch, 1597 1671) Pulling of
the Pretzel Centraal Museum Utrecht
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Den Gamle By in Aarhus is a large open-air museum
of urban history and culture in Denmark and with
Living history. Many of the buildings have
exhibitions in keeping with the period while the
bakery still sells very tasty treats using
recipes from before 1880
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The French Pastry School Alsace the Bretzel d'Or,
or Golden Pretzel an award which is bestowed
every two years the institute recognizes
talented Alsatians who preserve the arts and
traditions of Alsace
Coloured etching circa 1830, Bavarian National
Museum, Munich
Colmar
Skansen Museum - Sweden
Patron
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Görlitz, Germany
Denmark
Hoard Jewels - at least the sixth century
Emblem Eguisheim, France
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Sophia Loren
Pretzel shaped door handles inspired by the
Danish Baker's Guild Logo
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Emblem Enseigne bretzel - Eguisheim - Route des
vins d'Alsace
Les Femmes sandwich women in the 1890s
carrying all kinds of advertisements
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Franz Gerasch - Pretzel seller in Vienna,
watercolor, Austria, 1846
Peter Fendi (Austrian, 1796 - 1842) The Freezing
Pretzel Boy in front of the Dominikanerbastei
Vienna Museum
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Text and pictures Internet All  copyrights 
belong to their  respective owners
Presentation Sanda Foisoreanu
2020
Sound Coldplay - Viva La Vida