Kings of Syria

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Kings of Syria
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Assyrians Cultured Vicious
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Neo-Assyria (935-612 BC) soldiers

• Neo-Assyria (935-612 BC)
• Developed a highly centralized bureaucracy.
• Employed mass execution mass deportation of
  those conquered.

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Neo-Assyria (935-612 BC) Shalmaneser III
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Neo-Assyria (935-612 BC)
Meanwhile, back in Israel
The Reign of Jehu over Israel (841 to 814 B.C.)
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Neo-Assyria (935-612 BC)
Meanwhile, back in Israel
Jeroboam II, king of Israel
Belonging to Shema the servant of Jeroboam (II)
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Neo-Assyria (935-612 BC)
Meanwhile, back in Israel
767 Uzziah/Azariah of Judah
"Hither were brought the bones of Uzziah king of
Judah.  Do not open."  Dates from time long
after Uzziah
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Neo-Assyria (935-612 BC)

• Tiglathpileser III (745-728 BC)
• Period of decline until here
• Good administrator and military leader who seized
  the throne
• 743 fought against a collation in Syria,
  possibly led by Uzziah
• Some Israelites were carried into captivity
  (733).

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Assyrian relief
Assyrian chariot and lion hunt
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Assyrian relief
Assyrian King Ashurbanipal
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Assyrian relief
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Assyrian relief
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Neo-Assyria (935-612 BC)

• In 732, he was summoned by King Ahaz of Judah to
  drive away King Pekah of Israel and Aram (Syria)
  (2Ki. 15,16). Isaiah warned against an Assyrian
  alliance (chap. 7).
• Tiglathpileser III took Damascus and Iran,
  annexing ½ of Israel under Pekahs leadership.
• 732 Hoshea of Israel assassinated Pekah, and
  reigned 9 yr. in subjection to Assyria, paying
  tribute. He then allied himself with Egypt,
  attempting independence (withheld tribute)
  following the death of Tiglathpileser III.

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Assyrian Campaigns ag. Israel Judah
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Neo-Assyria (935-612 BC)

• Shalmeneser V (726-722)
• 725 besieged Samaria, the capital of Israel for
  3 yr.
• 724 imprisoned Hoshea when he tried to bargain

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Neo-Assyria (935-612 BC)

• Sargon III (722-706)
• 722 Israel fell to Assyria.
• He claimed the credit for the fall of Israel.
• Israel was deported en masse.
• This is where the sect of the Samaritans began.
• 721 defeated in Babylon put down revolts in
  Hamath Egypt.
• 717 razed Carchemish (King Midas).
• 709 recaptured Babylon.
• 705 killed in battle.

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Exile of Northern Kingdom
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OT Timeline
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Egypt, A Coveted Land
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Assyrian Empire
Assyrian Empire map
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Neo-Assyria (935-612 BC)

• Sennacherib (705-681 BC)
• He followed peaceful pursuits, and built up
  Nineveh.

"Sennacherib, king of the world, king of Assyria,
sat on his portable-throne, the booty from
Lachish passed before him"
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Neo-Assyria (935-612 BC)

• Sennacherib (705-681 BC)
• Hezekiah of Judah (716-686)
• repaired the Temple
• resumed normal worship with the keeping of the
  Passover
• people broke down the images and groves and
  destroyed the high places of pagan worship
• destroyed the bronze serpent
• cutting of the Siloam water conduit in Jerusalem

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Hezekiah of Judah (716-686)
Hezekiah's Tunnel (marked in blue)Model of the
water systems from the time of King Hezekiah
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Hezekiahs Water Tunnel
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Hezekiahs Tunnel
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Neo-Assyria (935-612 BC)

• Sennacherib (705-681 BC)
• 701 invasion of Judah
• Phoenicia, Philistia, and the cities of Judah
  were pacified.
• 689 Sennacherib entered destroyed Babylon
  after uprisings there.
• Defeated and ruled over Egypt

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688 Sennacherib laid siege to Jerusalem once
again.
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Mocking by Assyrians
"Name just one time when any god, anywhere, was
able to rescue his people from me! What makes you
think your God can do any better?"
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destruction of Sennacherib
"The destruction of Sennacherib and his army" by
the artist Rubens (1577-1640),
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• For the Angel of Death spread his wings on the
  blast,
• And breathed in the face of the foe as he passed.
• And the eyes of the sleepers waxed deadly and
  chill,
• And their hearts but once heaved, and forever
  grew still.
• And the widows of Ashur are loud in their wail,
• And the idols are broke in the temple of Baal
• And the might of ther Gentile, unsmote by the
  Sword,
• Hath melted like snow in the glance of the Lord!
• Lord Byron, The Destruction of Sennacherib in
  These Were Gods People, p. 250.

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Neo-Assyria (935-612 BC)
Sennacherib (705-681 BC) 681 After his return
to Assyria, Sennacherib was killed by his sons.
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Neo-Assyria (935-612 BC)
Ashur-banipal (669-633) 669 - Manasseh of Judah
joined Ashur-banipal against Egypt. Necho alone
of the rebel leaders was spared. 663 Thebes
destroyed
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Neo-Assyria (935-612 BC)
Josiah of Judah (640-609) (2Ki. 22-25)

• Revival
• Repair of the Temple
• Finding of the Law
• Reformation
• Obedience (celebration of Passover)

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Why did Judah Survive?

• Temple Worship Prospered
• Revivals under Asa, Jehoshaphat, Hezekiah, and
  Josiah
• Influence of Isaiah and Jeremiah
• Influence of Hezekiah and Josiah
• Unity of the kingdom because of hereditary
  dynasty
• Geography natural barriers
• Sovereign determination of God to preserve
  Davids seed

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The Destruction of Assyria

• Egypt freed itself
• Two emerging rivals, Babylon and the Medes led to
  internal disintegration
• 626 B.C. - Babylon revolted and defeated the
  Assyrians at the borders of Babylonia
• 614 B.C. - the army of the Medes conquered the
  city of Asshur
• 616 BC - Nineveh fell before a combined attack of
  Medes and Babylonians
• 610 BC - Haran was also captured, and Assyria
  ceased to exist.