Virtual Reality Technology

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Virtual Reality Technology
3.1 Graphics Display

• 2003. 11. 24
• Hyungjune Im

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Index

• Introduction
• 3.1.1 Human Visual System
• 3.1.2 Personal Graphic Displays
• Head-Mounted Displays
• Hand-Supported Displays
• Floor-Supported Displays
• Desk-Supported Displays
• 3.1.3 Large-Volume Displays
• Monitor-Based
• Projector-Based

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Introduction

• A graphics display is a computer interface that
  presents synthetic world images to one or several
  users interacting with the virtual world.
• stereoscopic or monoscopic
• image resolution
• field of view
• display technology (LCD or CRT)
• weight cost

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3.1.1 The Human Visual System

• Eyeball structure photoreceptors, retina, fovea
• Field of view
• 150 degree horizontally, 120 degree vertically
  for each eye
• 180 degree horizontally, 120 degree vertically if
  both eye used
• Depth is recognized by such as stereopsis, linear
  perspective, occlusions, motion parallax

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3.1.2 Personal Graphic Displays

• A graphics display that outputs a virtual scene
  destined to be viewed by a single user is called
  a personal graphics display.
• Such images may be monoscopic or stereoscopic,
  monocular (for a single eye), or binocular
  (displayed on both eyes).

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3.1.2 Personal Graphic Displays

• Head-Mounted Display (HMD)
• Images floating 15m in front of the user (very
  short distance), so they use special optics to
  keep users eyes from being tired easily.
• Consumer-grade (LCT) vs. professional-grade (CRT)
  devices
• weight, comfort, and cost are additional criteria

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3.1.2 Personal Graphic Displays

• Olympus Eye-Trek FMD 200

Daeyang cy-visor FMD DH-4400VP

• Professional-grade HMD ProView XL35

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3.1.2 Personal Graphic Displays

• Hand-Supported Display (HSD)
• Users hold in their one hand or two hands in
  order to periodically view a synthetic scene.

NVIS virtual binoculars SX
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3.1.2 Personal Graphic Displays

• Floor-Supported Display
• Use a mechanical tracker to reduce response time
  to users activities.
• Desk-Supported Display
• Remove excessive weight to reduce users fatigue
• Fixed and designed to be viewed while the user is
  sitting (freedom of motion is limited)

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3.1.2 Personal Graphic Displays
Boom3C
WindowVR
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3.1.2 Personal Graphic Displays
DTI 2018XL
Ecomo4D
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3.1.2 Personal Graphic Displays
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3.1.3 Large-Volume Displays

• Graphics displays that allow several users
  located in close proximity to simultaneously view
  a stereo or monoscopic image of the virtual world
• Monitor-based or projector-based
• Have larger work envelope, so improve users
  freedom of motion and natural interaction
  capability

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3.1.3 Large-Volume Displays

• Monitor-based Displays
• Each user wears a set of shutter glass (active
  stereo glass) and looks at the monitor.

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3.1.3 Large-Volume Displays
CrystalEyes3
PV290
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3.1.3 Large-Volume Displays

• Projector-based Displays
• Solution of choice for allowing many closely
  located users to participate in VR simulation
• Use CRT projectors to produce stereo-pair image.

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3.1.3 Large-Volume Displays
Barco Baron
V-Desk 6
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3.1.3 Large-Volume Displays

• Another type of projector-based display CAVE
  (invented at the Electronic Visualization
  Laboratory)
• Consists of a 10-ft cubical structure
• Four CRT projectors (front, left, right, floor)
• Up to 12 users at a time, as long as they stay or
  move together
• There are also a commercial version, and a newer
  version (RAVE), and PC CAVE

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3.1.3 Large-Volume Displays

• PanoWall
• Use projector array (large-volume display formed
  of a number of functionally identical projectors
  calibrated to display a tiled composite image of
  the virtual scene)
• V-Dome

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3.1.3 Large-Volume Displays