Grout is fluid concrete consisting of Portland cement (1), fine aggregate (sand, 2.25-3), coarse aggregate (pea gravel, 0-2), lime (0-0.1).

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1.5- Grout
Grout is fluid concrete consisting of Portland
cement (1), fine aggregate (sand, 2.25-3), coarse
aggregate (pea gravel, 0-2), lime (0-0.1).
1.6- Reinforcement and Connectors
Either grade 40 or 60 is used for steel
reinforcement Joint reinforcement could be ladder
or truss (BIA, Tech 44)
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Continuous horizontal joint reinforcement is
typically made from 8, 9, 10, or 11 gage wire,
or 3/16 in. (5 mm) diameter wire (BIA, Tech 44)
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2- Masonry Elements
2.1- Walls
2.1.1- Bonds and Patterns in Masonry
1- Running bond (1/2-1/3-1/4) 2- Stack bond
2.2.1- Wall Types
To choose a wall type, you should consider 1-
Loading (structurally safe) 2- Location in your
building 3- Function (barrier wall, drainage
wall, etc.)
2.2.1.1- Single-wythe
Load-bearing/non-load-bearing Reinforced (RM) or
Unreinforced (URM) Internal/external
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2.2.1.1- Multi-wythe Walls (composite/solid)
Bonding may be accomplished by (1) the
interlocking of the headers units, (2) metal ties
embedded in joints, and (3) grout.
Flemish bond consists of alternating headers and
stretchers in every course. Common bond the
sixth row consists of headers while each five
rows are normal running bond
Ties A metal tie should be used for each 4 1/2
sq ft of wall surface. The collar joint is
3/8-3/4
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2.2.1.1- Veneer Walls
Nonstructural masonry wythe anchored to a
structural backup wall and used for its aesthetic
and durable qualities.
2.2- Columns and Pilaster
Column is isolated vertical structural
member Pilaster is a thickened wall section and
can perform the following functions1) columns
2) increase buckling load 3) vertical beam for
out-of-plane 4) buttresses to increase stability
2.3- Beams and Lintels
A lintel is a horizontal BEAM spanning over an
opening and supports loads from the wall above.