Breathing and Exercise

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Breathing and Exercise
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Using worksheet

• Breathing is also called external respiration or
  just respiration.
• Do not confuse it with cell respiration!
• Breathing in is inspiration.
• Breathing out is expiration.

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When you breathe in

• (1) Intercostal muscles contract. This pulls the
  rib cage upwards. Your chest expands.
• (2) The diaphragm contracts. This pulls it down
  and flattens it to make the chest even bigger.

• (3) When the chest expands, the lungs do to.
• (4) When the lungs expand the pressure inside
  them falls. So more air is sucked down into the
  lungs.

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When you breathe out

• (1) The intercostal muscles relax. This lowers
  the rib cage and makes the chest smaller.
• (2) The diaphragm relaxes so it bulges upwards
  again. The chest becomes even smaller.

• (3) When the chest gets smaller, the lungs get
  compressed. So air is pushed out of the lungs
  and up the windpipe.

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How much air do you breathe?

• Tidal Volume (TV)- is the amount of air you
  breathe in or out with each breathe.
• Respiratory Rate (RR)- is how many breaths you
  take per minute.
• Minute Volume (MV)-
• MV TV x RR

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• Vital Capacity- is the maximum amount of air you
  can breathe out, after breathing in as deeply as
  you can. (Usually 4.5 or 5 litres)
• Residual Volume- Is the amount of air left in
  your lungs after you breathe out as hard as you
  can. (Usually around 1.5 litres)
• You can never empty your lungs fully.

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Your lungs and exercise

• Your lungs and heart work as a team to get oxygen
  round the body and clear carbon dioxide away.
  When you exercise, your heart and lungs have to
  work harder. This is what happens

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• (1) During exercise, cell repiration in your
  muscles increase. This increases your CO2
  levels.
• (2) Your brain detects this. It sends a signal
  to your lungs to breathe faster and deeper.

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• (3) Gas exchange in your lungs increases. More
  CO2 is passed out of the blood and more oxygen
  passes into it.
• (4) The brain also sends a signal to your heart
  to beat faster to get blood to the muscles and
  lungs.

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How breathing changes during exercise