Respirator Standard Photos

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Hazard Communication
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Introduction

• About 32 million workers work with and are
  potentially exposed to one or more chemical
  hazards
• There are approximately 650,000 existing chemical
  products, and hundreds of new ones being
  introduced annually
• Chemical exposure may cause or contribute to many
  serious health effects such as heart ailments,
  central nervous system damage, kidney and lung
  damage, sterility, cancer, burns, and rashes
• Some chemicals may also be safety hazards and
  have the potential to cause fires and explosions
  and other serious accidents

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Purpose of OSHAs Hazard Communication Standard
To ensure that employers and employees know about
work hazards and how to protect themselves so
that the incidence of illnesses and injuries due
to hazardous chemicals is reduced.
Hazard Communication Program
Container Labeling
Material Safety Data Sheet
MSDS
Program
Label
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Who is covered?
OSHAs Hazard Communication (HazCom) standard
applies to general industry, shipyard, marine
terminals, longshoring, and construction
employment and covers chemical manufacturers,
importers, employers, and employees exposed to
chemical hazards.
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Employer Responsibilities

• Identify and list hazardous chemicals in their
  workplaces
• Obtain Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDSs) and
  labels for each hazardous chemical, if not
  provided by the manufacturer, importer, or
  distributor
• Implement a written HazCom program, including
  labels, MSDSs, and employee training
• Communicate hazard information to employees
  through labels, MSDSs, and formal training
  programs

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Exemptions

• Pesticide Labeling
• EPA regulated wastes labeled appropriately
• Foods, cosmetics
• Alcoholic beverages
• Consumer products

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The Standard Requires

• Chemical Inventory
• Written Program
• Obtaining Material Safety Data Sheets
• Container Labeling
• Employee Training

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Written HazCom ProgramRequirements

• Describes container labeling, MSDSs, and employee
  training for each workplace
• List of the hazardous chemicals
• Make information regarding hazards and protective
  measures available to other employers onsite

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How must chemicals be labeled?
Each container of hazardous chemicals entering
the workplace must be labeled or marked with

• Identity of the chemical
• Appropriate hazard warnings
• Name and address of the responsible party

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Manufacturers Labels
Identify Substance
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Container Labeling in the Workplace

• The hazard warning can be any type of message,
  picture, or symbol that provides information on
  the hazards of the chemical(s) and the targeted
  organs affected, if applicable
• Labels must be legible, in English (plus other
  languages, if desired), and prominently displayed

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Secondary Container Labeling
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Material Safety Data Sheets
Prepared by the chemical manufacturer or importer
and describe

• Physical hazards, such as fire and explosion
• Health hazards, such as signs of exposure
• Routes of exposure
• Precautions for safe handling and use
• Emergency and first-aid procedures
• Control measures

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Material Safety Data Sheets (contd)

• Must be in English and include information
  regarding the specific chemical identity and
  common names
• Must provide information about the
• Physical and chemical characteristics
• Health effects
• Exposure limits
• Carcinogenicity (cancer-causing)
• Identification (name, address, and telephone
  number) of the organization responsible for
  preparing the sheet
• Must be readily accessible to employees in their
  work area

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Material Safety Data Sheets (contd)

• MSDSs have no prescribed format
• If no MSDS has been received for a hazardous
  chemical, employer must contact the supplier,
  manufacturer, or importer to obtain one and
  maintain a record of the contact

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Common Construction Materials

• Pressure treated lumber
• Glues
• Pipe cement
• Fiberglass
• Fiberboard
• Shingles
• Paints

• Gasoline
• Solvents
• Welding gases
• Propane
• Kerosene

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Training
Training is required for employees who are
exposed to hazardous chemicals in their work area

• At the time of initial assignment
• Whenever a new hazard is introduced into their
  work area

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What information mustbe provided to workers?
Employees must be informed of

• Physical and health hazards of the chemicals in
  the workplace
• Operations in their work areas where hazardous
  chemicals are present
• Location and availability of the written hazard
  evaluation procedures, communications program,
  lists of hazardous chemicals, and the required
  MSDSs

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Detection of Chemicals

• Odor
• Taste
• Irritation
• Headaches
• Other undesirable heath effects such as chemical
  burns, drying/defatting of the skin or dermatitis

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Air Monitoring
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Occupational Exposure Limits

• OSHA
• PEL Permissible Exposure Limit
• ACGIH (American Conference of Governmental
  Industrial Hygienists)
• TLV Threshold Limit Value
• NIOSH (National Institute for Occupational Safety
  and Health)
• REL Recommended Exposure Limit

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Exposure Terms

• TWA Time Weighted Average

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Useful Terms on MSDS

• Boiling Point
• Flash Point
• pH
• Explosive limits
• Vapor Density
• Specific Gravity

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Flash Point

• Flash point means the minimum temperature at
  which a liquid gives off vapor within a test
  vessel in sufficient concentration to form an
  ignitable mixture with air near the surface of
  the liquid. The flash point is normally an
  indication of susceptibility to ignition.
• The flash point is determined by heating the
  liquid in test equipment and measuring the
  temperature at which a flash will be obtained
  when a small flame is introduced in the vapor
  zone above the surface of the liquid.

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LEL
UEL

• In popular jargon, a vapor/air mixture below the
  flammable limit is too "lean" to burn or explode,
  and a mixture above the upper flammable limit is
  too "rich" to burn or explode.
• No attempt is made to differentiate between the
  terms flammable and explosive as applied to the
  lower and upper limits of flammability.

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Specific Gravity

• Density of a liquid with respect to Water.
• Water is always 1
• Materials lighter than 1 float
• Materials heavier than 1 sink
• How much do you think a 55 gallon of liquid
  Mercury would weigh?

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Vapor Density

• Density of Gases and Vapors with Respect to air.
• Air is always 1
• Materials heavier than 1 sink
• Materials lighter than 1 float
• Important when
• Monitoring in Confined Space (CO, Hydrogen
  Sulfide)
• Trench work and for example Chlorine leaks

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Vapor Density
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pH

• Measure of corrosivity
• Acidic 1-6
• Neutral 7
• Basic 8-14

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Other Terms

• Dissolves in
• Reacts with
• Would use a special fire extinguisher to put out
  a metals fire because certain metals are reactive
  with water.
• Incompatible

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Protective Measures

• Combination of Engineering and work practice
  controls
• Stripping paint 4 from weld spot
• PPE available
• Eye-wash stations when corrosive materials used

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HAZCOM issues

• Reviewing MSDSs for chemical hazards and
  additional OSHA regulated compounds such as
• Lead
• Methylene Chloride
• Cadmium
• Formaldehyde
• Asbestos

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Specific Health Hazards

• Carbon Monoxide
• Lead
• Silica
• Temperature Extremes

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Carbon Monoxide

• What is it?
• What is the odor threshold?
• All fuels produce carbon monoxide
• Gasoline generates the most copious amounts
• Propane, diesel and kerosene need to be handled
  with care
• What kind of jobs do you do that could generate
  carbon monoxide and what can you do to prevent
  employee exposures?

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Silica Exposure
Drilling concrete pavement dry
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What is silica?

• Silica is found naturally in almost all rock,
  sand and soil
• It is also found in concrete products and bricks
• It is sometimes found in sandblasting grit and is
  called silica sand
• Crystalline silica causes silicosis

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Silica Health Hazards

• Inhaled silica dust scars the lungs
• Silicosis is a lung disease caused by breathing
  dust containing silica
• The dust causes scarring in the lungs which
  reduces the lungs ability to get oxygen from air
• There is no cure!

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Lungs showing Silicosis(Overview)
Normal X-Ray of the Lungs(Overview)
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Silica Health Hazards

• What are the symptoms of silicosis?
• No initial symptoms
• Continued exposure causes shortness in breath
  during exertion
• Prolonged high exposure can lead to extreme
  shortness of breath, chest pain, respiratory
  failure and death

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Where might we see Silica?

• Concrete block cutting
• Grinding of block
• Landscape stone cutting/shaping
• Drywall sanding
• Sandblasting
• Jack Hammering
• Power sanding

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What can we do to prevent exposure?

• Use wet methods such as wet saws for cutting
• Use wet/dry vacuums when sanding drywall mud

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Temperature Extremes

• No OSHA standard general duty clause is
  possible to cite depending on OSHA recordable
  cases
• Heat
• Cold

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Summary

• OSHAs Hazard Communication Standard is based on
  a simple concept - that employees have both a
  need and a right to know the hazards and
  identities of the chemicals they are exposed to
  when working
• Employees also need to know what protective
  measures are available to prevent adverse effects
  from occurring

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References

• Slide presentation was created using one from
  OSHAs website of the same title
• Washington State OSHA
• Every reasonable effort has been made to prepare
  this document using the most current, correct,
  and clearly expressed information possible.
  However, inadvertent errors may occur. The Ohio
  OSHA On-Site Consultation Program disclaims any
  responsibility for typographical errors and the
  accuracy of the information contained in this
  document. The information and data included in
  this document have been compiled by the Ohio OSHA
  On-Site Consultation staff from a variety of
  sources that are subject to change without
  notice. The Ohio OSHA On-Site Consultation
  Program makes no warranties or representations
  whatsoever regarding the quality, content,
  completeness, suitability, adequacy, sequence,
  accuracy, or timeliness of such information and
  data.